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William C. GorgasMajor General William Crawford Gorgas (October 3, 1854, in Mobile, Alabama -- July 3, 1920, in London) was a United States physician and 22nd Surgeon General of the U.S. Army (1914-18). He is best known for his work in abating the transmission of yellow fever and malaria by controlling the mosquitoes that carry them at a time when he met with considerable skepticism and opposition to such measures. Additional recommended knowledgeBiographyBorn at Toulminville, Alabama, Gorgas was the first of six children of Pennsylvania-born Confederate general Josiah Gorgas and Amelia Gayle Gorgas, daughter of Alabama governor John Gayle. After training at Bellvue Hospital Medical College in New York City, Dr. Gorgas was appointed to the US Army Medical Corps in June 1880. Prior to appointment as Chief Sanitary Officer for the Army (1898), Gorgas was assigned to three posts -- Fort Clark, Fort Duncan, and Fort Brown -- in Texas . While at the last (1882-84), he met Marie Cook Doughty, whom he married in 1885. Gorgas was made Surgeon General of the Army in 1914, in which position he was able to capitalize on the momentous work of another Army doctor, Major Walter Reed, who had himself capitalized on insights of a Cuban doctor, Carlos Finlay, to prove the mosquito transmission of yellow fever. As such, Gorgas won international fame battling the illness -- then the scourge of tropical and sub-tropical climates -- first in Florida, later in Havana, Cuba and finally at the Panama Canal. He did this by implementing far-reaching sanitatary programs including the draining of ponds and swamps. It is generally considered that these measures were instrumental in permitting the construction of the Panama Canal, as they significantly prevented illness due to yellow fever and malaria (which had also been shown to be transmitted by mosquitoes in 1898) among the thousands of workers involved in the building project. Gorgas received a knighthood from King George V at the Queen Alexandra Military Hospital in the United Kingdom shortly before his death there on July 3, 1920. He was given a special funeral in St. Paul's Cathedral, with the honors of a British major general. His body was later returned to the US and he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Legacy
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Categories: Malaria | Military medicine |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "William_C._Gorgas". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |