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Triiodothyronine

Triiodothyronine


IUPAC name	(2S)-2-amino-3- [4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-phenoxy)- 3,5-diiodo-phenyl]propanoic acid
Other names	triiodothyronine T₃ cytomel 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine
Identifiers
CAS number	6893-02-3
SMILES	N[C@@H](Cc1cc(I)c(Oc2ccc(O)c(I)c2) c(I)c1)C(O)=O
Properties
Molecular formula	C₁₅H₁₂I₃NO₄
Molar mass	650.9776 g mol⁻¹
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Triiodothyronine, C₁₅H₁₂I₃NO₄, also known as T₃, is a thyroid hormone.

Additional recommended knowledge

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This thyroid hormone is similar to thyroxine but with one fewer iodine atom per molecule. In addition, T₃ exhibits greater activity and is produced in smaller quantity.

It is the most powerful thyroid hormone, and affects almost every process in the body, including body temperature, growth, and heart rate.

Reactions

v • d • e Endocrine system: hormones/endocrine glands (Peptide hormones, Steroid hormones)
Hypothalamic-pituitary	Hypothalamus: TRH, CRH , GnRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine - Posterior pituitary: vasopressin, oxytocin - Anterior pituitary: α (FSH, LH, TSH), GH, prolactin, POMC (ACTH, MSH, endorphins, lipotropin)
Adrenal axis	Adrenal medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine - Adrenal cortex: aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA
Thyroid axis	Thyroid: thyroid hormone (T₃ and T₄) - calcitonin - Parathyroid: PTH
Gonadal axis	Testis: testosterone, AMH, inhibin - Ovary: estradiol, progesterone, inhibin/activin, relaxin (pregnancy)
Other end. glands	Pancreas: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin - Pineal gland: melatonin
Non-end. glands	Placenta: hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone - Kidney: renin, EPO, calcitriol, prostaglandin - Heart atrium: ANP - Stomach: gastrin, ghrelin - Duodenum: CCK, GIP, secretin, motilin, VIP - Ileum: enteroglucagon - Adipose tissue: leptin, adiponectin, resistin - Thymus: Thymosin - Thymopoietin - Skeleton: Osteocalcin - Liver/other: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1, IGF-2)
Target-derived	NGF, BDNF, NT-3