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Toxicity ClassToxicity Class refers to a classification system for pesticides created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization. It addresses the acute toxicity of agents such as soil fumigants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, nematicides, or rodenticides. Additional recommended knowledge
General considerationsAssignment to a Toxicity Class is based typically on results of acute toxicity studies such as the determination of LD50 values in animal experiments, notably rodents, via oral, or sometimes inhaled, or external application. The experimental design measures the acute death rate of an agent. The Toxicity Class generally does not address issues of other potential harm of the agent, such as bioaccumulation, issues of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, or mutagenic effects, or the impact on reproduction. Regulating agencies may require that packaging of the agent is labeled with a Signal Word, a specific warning label to indicate the level of toxicity to the public. EPA (United States)The Environmental Protection Agency knows four Toxicity Classes. Class I to III are required to carry a Signal Word on the label to warn users of the toxicity. Pesticides are regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act(FIFRA). Toxicity Class I
Toxicity Class II
Toxicity Class III
Toxicity Class IV
Furthermore, the EPA classifies pesticides into those that can be applied by anybody: General Use Pesticides, and those that are restricted, meaning, their application needs to be done by or under the supervision of a certified individual. Application of Restricted Use Pesticides requires that a record of the application is kept. Generally, agents of Class I will kill an adult person at a dose of less than 5 grams (less than a teaspoon), of Class II at 5-30 grams, and of Class III at more than 30 grams. WHOThe World Health Organization names four toxicity classes as follows:
The system is based on LD50 determination in rats, thus an oral solid agent with an LD50 at 5mg or less/kg bodyweight is Class I-a, at 5-50 mg/kg Class I-b, at 50-500 mg/kg Class II, and at more than 500 mg/kg Class III. Values may differ for liquid oral agents and dermal agents. European UnionThere are three toxicity classes in the classification system by the European Union, regulated by Directive 67/548/EEC, namely:
Very toxic and toxic substances are marked by the European toxicity symbol. See also
References
Categories: Toxicology | Pesticides |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Toxicity_Class". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |