My watch list
my.bionity.com  
Login  

Tonsil




For the structure in the cerebellum, see cerebellar tonsil.

  The tonsils are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat. An infection of the tonsils is called tonsillitis. Most commonly, the term "tonsils" refers to the palatine tonsils that can be seen in the back of the throat.

As with other organs of the lymphatic system, the tonsils act as part of the immune system to help protect against infection. In particular, they are believed to be involved in helping fight off pharyngeal and upper respiratory tract infections.

Tonsils in humans include, from superior to inferior:

Name Epithelium Capsule? Crypts? Location
adenoids (also termed "pharyngeal tonsils") ciliated pseudostratified (respiratory epithelium) Incompletely encapsulated No roof of pharynx
palatine tonsils non-keratinized stratified squamous Incompletely encapsulated Yes sides of pharynx between glossopalatine
and pharyngopalatine arches
lingual tonsils non-keratinized stratified squamous Incompletely encapsulated Yes behind terminal sulcus (tongue)

Together this set of lymphatic tissue is known as Waldeyer's tonsillar ring.

Tonsils tend to reach their largest size near puberty, and they gradually undergo atrophy thereafter. However, they are largest relative to the diameter of the throat in young children, and tonsillectomy (surgical removal of tonsils) may be indicated if they are obstructing the airway or interfering with swallowing. Also, when tonsils become overly enlarged or inflamed they may need to be surgically removed. In older patients, asymmetric tonsils (also known as asymmetric tonsil hypertrophy) may be an indicator of virally infected tonsils, or tumors such as lymphangioma or malignant tonsillar tumours. Some doctors who are not ENT specialists are conservative on recommending the removal of tonsils, because the tissue can not be put back, and removal decreases the power of the immune system. ENT specialists generally recommend removal so they can be studied if there is inflammation, asymmetry or other health indicators.

See also

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tonsil". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
Your browser is not current. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE