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TNMTNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) is the cancer staging system developed and maintained by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) to achieve consensus on one globally recognised standard for classifying the extent of spread of cancer. The TNM classification is also used by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). In 1987, the UICC and AJCC staging systems were unified into a single staging system. Additional recommended knowledge
General outlineEach tumor has its own TNM classification. Not all tumors have TNM classifications, but most do. For instance, there is no TNM classification for brain tumors, and prostate cancer is staged based on the independent Gleason score. The general outline for the TNM classification is below. The values given in parenthesis give a range of what can be used for all cancer types, but not all cancers use this full range. Mandatory parameters ('T', 'N', and 'M')
Use of an "X" instead of a number or other suffix means that the parameter was not assessed. Other parameters
Prefix modifiers
For the T, N and M parameters exist subclassifications for some cancer-types (e.g. T1a, Tis, N1i) Examples
Uses and aimsSome of the aims for adopting a global standard are to:
Since the number of combinations of categories is high, combinations are grouped to stages for better analysis. VersionsThe current version of TNM is TNM6, released in 2002.[1] However, some still prefer TNM5, and recommend its continued use.[2] See also
References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "TNM". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |