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Sulpiride
Sulpiride (sold as Meresa, Sulpirid Ratiopharm, Sulpirid Neuraxpharm, Bosnyl, Dogmatil, Eglonyl) is an anti-psychotic drug used mainly in the treatment of psychosis (e.g. schizophrenia) and depression. It is a substituted benzamide. Sulpiride is more commonly used in Europe and Japan. So far it has not been approved in the US and Canada. The drug has strong chemical and clinical similarities to the novel anti-psychotic amisulpride. Additional recommended knowledge
PharmacologyPharmacokineticsSulpiride is absorbed slowly from the GI-Tract. Its oral bioavailability is only 25 to 35% with marked interindividual differences. The peak plasma concentration is reached 4.5 hours after oral dosing. The usual half-life is 6 to 8 hours. Ninety-two percent is excreted unchanged in the urine. Sulpiride is usually given in 2 or 3 divided doses. Pharmacodynamic propertiesSulpiride is a selective antagonist at postsynaptic D2-receptors. This action dominates in doses exceeding 600 mg daily. In doses of 600 to 1,600 mg sulpiride shows mild sedating and antipsychotic activity. Its antipsychotic potency compared to chlorpromazine is only 0.2 (1/5). In low doses (in particular 50 to 200 mg daily) its prominent feature is antagonism of presynaptic inhibitory dopamine receptors accounting for some antidepressant activity and a stimulating effect. Therefore, it is in these doses used as a second line antidepressant. Additionally, it alleviates vertigo. Uses and dosage
Contraindications and cautions
Pregnancy and lactation
Side effectsSulpiride has fewer extrapyramidal side effects (dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia and akathisia) than many of the older antipsychotic medications. Most of these do not seem to occur in a dose related manner. Other side effects occur infrequently (hypotension, rarely long-QT syndrome, dry mouth, sweating, nausea, activation or sedation, insomnia, allergic rash or pruritus). Isolated cases of the potentially life-threatening NMS (neuroleptic malignant syndrome) have been reported. Sulpiride should not be taken after 4 p.m. in order to avoid insomnia. The foremost problem with sulpiride is a strong stimulation of prolactin-secretion; whether this may contribute to the development of breast-cancer in women is currently not known.
OverdoseSulpiride has a relatively low order of acute toxicity. Substantial amounts may cause severe but reversible dystonic crises with torticollis, protrusion of the tongue, and/or trism. In some cases all the classical symptoms typical of severe Parkinson's Disease may be noted; in others, over-sedation/coma may occur. The treatment is largely symptomatic. Some or all extrapyramidal reactions may respond to the application of anticholinergic drugs such as Biperiden or Benztropine. All patients should be closely monitored for signs of long-QT syndrome and severe arrhythmias. GHB receptorThe benzamide neuroleptics (including amisulpride and sulpiride) have been shown to activate the endogenous gamma-hydroxybutryate receptor in vivo at theraputic concentrations.[1] GHB has neuroleptic properties and it is believed binding to this receptor may contribute to the effects of these neuroleptics. References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Sulpiride". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |