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Glutamate aspartate transporter



solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3
Identifiers
Symbol SLC1A3
Alt. Symbols GLAST, EAAT1
Entrez 6507
HUGO 10941
OMIM 600111
RefSeq NM_004172
UniProt P43003
Other data
Locus Chr. 5 p13

The GLutamate ASpartate Transporter (GLAST) is a protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is part of the malate-aspartate shuttle.[1] GLAST is also often called the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).

Contents

Mechanism

GLAST mediates the transport of glutamic and aspartic acid with the cotransport of three Na+ and one H+ cations and counter transport of one K+ cation. This co-transport coupling allows the transport of glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient.[2]  

Tissue distribution

GLAST is highly expressed in astrocytes and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.[3][4] In the retina, GLAST is expressed in Muller cells.[5] GLAST is also expressed in a number of other tissues including cardiac myocytes.[1]

Clinical significance

It is associated with type 6 episodic_ataxia.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b Ralphe JC, Segar JL, Schutte BC, Scholz TD (2004). "Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 37 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.04.008. PMID 15242733.
  2. ^ Kanai Y, Hediger MA (2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflugers Arch. 447 (5): 469–79. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974.
  3. ^ Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K, Stoffel W (1992). "Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (22): 10955–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955. PMID 1279699.
  4. ^ Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey AI, Dykes-Hoberg M, Jin L, Wu D, Nash N, Kuncl RW (1994). "Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters". Neuron 13 (3): 713–25. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8. PMID 7917301.
  5. ^ Rauen T, Taylor WR, Kuhlbrodt K, Wiessner M (1998). "High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance". Cell Tissue Res. 291 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1007/s004410050976. PMID 9394040.
  6. ^ Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP, Howard BD, Baloh RW (2005). "Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures". Neurology 65 (4): 529–34. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000172638.58172.5a. PMID 16116111.
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Glutamate_aspartate_transporter". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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