Glutamate aspartate transporter
solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3
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Identifiers
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Symbol
| SLC1A3
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Alt. Symbols
| GLAST, EAAT1
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Entrez
| 6507
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HUGO
| 10941
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OMIM
| 600111
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RefSeq
| NM_004172
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UniProt
| P43003
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Other data
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Locus
| Chr. 5 p13
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The GLutamate ASpartate Transporter (GLAST) is a protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane which is part of the malate-aspartate shuttle.[1] GLAST is also often called the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1).
Additional recommended knowledge
Mechanism
GLAST mediates the transport of glutamic and aspartic acid with the cotransport of three Na+ and one H+ cations and counter transport of one K+ cation. This co-transport coupling allows the transport of glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient.[2]
Tissue distribution
GLAST is highly expressed in astrocytes and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.[3][4] In the retina, GLAST is expressed in Muller cells.[5] GLAST is also expressed in a number of other tissues including cardiac myocytes.[1]
Clinical significance
It is associated with type 6 episodic_ataxia.[6]
References
- ^ a b Ralphe JC, Segar JL, Schutte BC, Scholz TD (2004). "Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria". J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 37 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.04.008. PMID 15242733.
- ^ Kanai Y, Hediger MA (2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflugers Arch. 447 (5): 469–79. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974.
- ^ Storck T, Schulte S, Hofmann K, Stoffel W (1992). "Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (22): 10955–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955. PMID 1279699.
- ^ Rothstein JD, Martin L, Levey AI, Dykes-Hoberg M, Jin L, Wu D, Nash N, Kuncl RW (1994). "Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters". Neuron 13 (3): 713–25. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8. PMID 7917301.
- ^ Rauen T, Taylor WR, Kuhlbrodt K, Wiessner M (1998). "High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance". Cell Tissue Res. 291 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1007/s004410050976. PMID 9394040.
- ^ Jen JC, Wan J, Palos TP, Howard BD, Baloh RW (2005). "Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures". Neurology 65 (4): 529–34. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000172638.58172.5a. PMID 16116111.
Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins |
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ABC-transporter | A1, A2, A4, A12, B1, B2-3, B4, B5, B11, C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C8, C8-9, C11, D1, D3, E1, G1, G2, G5, G8 |
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Solute carrier | 1A1-7, 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1A5, 2A1, 2A2, 2A3, 2A4, 3A1, 3A2, 4A1, 4A4, 4A7, 5A1-2, 5A5, 6A1, 6A2, 6A3, 6A8, 6A4, 7A5, 7A9, 8A1-3, 9A1, 9A3, 10A2, 11A1, 11A2, 11A3, 12A1-2, 12A3, 15A1, 17A5, 17A6-8, 18A1, 18A2, 18A3, 19A1, 19A2, 19A3, 22A1, 22A2, 22A3, 22A4, 22A5, 22A6, 23A1, 23A2, 24A1-2, 24A5, 25A4-6, 25A8, 25A13, 25A15, 25A20, 26A2, 26A3, 26A4, 29A1, 29A2, 30A8, 31A1, 31A2, 34A1, 37A4, 39A4, 40A1, O1B1 |
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Monosaccharide | GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT5, GLUT8 |
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Other | Amino acid (CD98) - Fatty acid (CD36) - Ion channels - Ion pumps - Mitochondrial membrane transport protein - Neurotransmitter transport proteins - Nuclear (Karyopherin) |
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