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Rhodopsin-like_receptors

Rhodopsin-like receptors

Rhodopsin-like receptors
Identifiers
Symbol	7tm_1
Pfam	PF00001
InterPro	IPR000276
SCOP	1f88
OPM family	6
OPM protein	1gzm
Available PDB structures: 1U19 2R4R 2R4S 2RH1 1f88, 1hzx, 1l9h, 2g87, 2hpy, 2i35, 2i36, 2i37, 2j4y, 2ped

Rhodopsin-like receptors are the largest group of G-protein coupled receptors.

G-protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs, constitute a vast protein family that encompasses a wide range of functions (including various autocrine, paracrine and endocrine processes). They show considerable diversity at the sequence level, on the basis of which they can be separated into distinct groups. GPCRs are usually described as "superfamily" because they embrace a group of families for which there are indications of evolutionary relationship, but between which there is no statistically significant similarity in sequence.^[1] The currently known superfamily members include the rhodopsin-like GPCRs, the secretin-like GPCRs, the cAMP receptors, the fungal mating pheromone receptors, and the metabotropic glutamate receptor family. There is a specialised database for GPCRs: http://www.gpcr.org/7tm/.

The rhodopsin-like GPCRs themselves represent a widespread protein family that includes hormone, neurotransmitter and light receptors, all of which transduce extracellular signals through interaction with guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Although their activating ligands vary widely in structure and character, the amino acid sequences of the receptors are very similar and are believed to adopt a common structural framework comprising 7 transmembrane (TM) helices.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Rhodopsin-like GPCRs have been classified into the following 19 subgroups (A1-A19) based on a phylogenetic analysis.^[5]

Additional recommended knowledge

Subfamily A1

Chemokine receptor IPR000355
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (CCR1, CKR1)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2, CKR2)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (CCR3, CKR3)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4 (CCR4, CKR4)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5, CKR5)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 8 (CCR8, CKR8)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 2 (CCRL2, CKRX)
chemokine (C motif) receptor 1 (XCR1, CXC1) IPR005393
chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1, C3X1) IPR005387
GPR137B (GPR137B, TM7SF1)

Subfamily A2

Chemokine receptor IPR000355
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor-like 1 (CCRL1 CCRL1, CCR11)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6 (CCR6, CKR6)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7, CKR7)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (CCR9, CKR9)
- Chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 10 (CCR10, CKRA)
CXC chemokine receptors IPR001053
- Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 6 (CXCR6, BONZO)
- Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 (CXCR7, RDC1) IPR001416
Interleukin-8 IPR000174 (IL8R)
- IL8R-α (IL8RA, CXCR1)
- IL8R-β (IL8RB, CXCR2)
Adrenomedullin receptor (GPR182)
Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor (DARC, DUFF)
G Protein-coupled Receptor 30 (GPER, CML2, GPCR estrogen receptor)

Subfamily A3

Angiotensin II receptor IPR000248
- Angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AGTR1, AG2S)
- Angiotensin II receptor, type 2 (AGTR2, AG22)
- Apelin receptor (AGTRL1, APJ) IPR003904
Bradykinin receptor IPR000496
- Bradykinin receptor B1 (BDKRB1, BRB1)
- Bradykinin receptor B2 (BDKRB2, BRB2)
GPR15 (GPR15, GPRF)
GPR25 (GPR25)

Subfamily A4

Opioid receptor IPR001418
- delta Opioid receptor (OPRD1, OPRD)
- kappa Opioid receptor (OPRK1, OPRK)
- mu Opioid receptor (OPRM1, OPRM)
- Nociceptin receptor (OPRL1, OPRX)
Somatostatin receptor IPR000586
- Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1, SSR1)
- Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2, SSR2)
- Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3, SSR3)
- Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4, SSR4)
- Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5, SSR5)
GPCR neuropeptide receptor IPR009150
- Neuropeptides B/W receptor 1 (NPBWR1, GPR7)
- Neuropeptides B/W receptor 2 (NPBWR2, GPR8)
GPR1 orphan receptor (GPR1) IPR002275
DEZ orphan receptor IPR002258

Subfamily A5

Galanin receptor IPR000405
- Galanin receptor 1 (GALR1, GALR)
- Galanin receptor 2 (GALR2, GALS)
- Galanin receptor 3 (GALR3, GALT)
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor IPR004071
- Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CYSLTR1)
- Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2)
Leukotriene B4 receptor IPR003981
- Leukotriene B4 receptor (LTB4R, P2Y7)
- Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (LTB4R2)
Relaxin receptor IPR008112
- Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1, LGR7)
- Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2, GPR106)
- Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3, SALPR)
- Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4, GPR100/GPR142)
KiSS1-derived peptide receptor (GPR54) (KISS1R) IPR008103
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1, GPRO) IPR008361
Urotensin-II receptor (UTS2R, UR2R) IPR000670

Subfamily A6

GPR40-related receptor IPR013312
- Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1, GPR40)
- Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, GPR43)
- Free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3, GPR41)
- GPR42 (GPR42, FFAR1L)
P2 purinoceptor IPR002286
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₁ (P2RY1)
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₂ (P2RY2)
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₄ (P2RY4)
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₆ (P2RY6)
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₁₁ (P2RY11)
GPR31 (GPR31, GPRV)
GPR81 (GPR81)
GPR82 (GPR82)
GPR109B (GPR109B, HM74)
Oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) receptor 1 (OXGR1, GPR80)
Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1, GPR91)

Subfamily A7

P2 purinoceptor IPR002286
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₅ (P2RY5, P2Y5) IPR002188
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₁₀ (P2RY10, P2Y10)
Protease-activated receptor IPR003912
- Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1 (F2RL1, PAR2)
- Coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2 (F2RL2, PAR3)
Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 2 (lymphocyte-specific G protein-coupled receptor) (EBI2)
GPR4 (GPR4) IPR002276
GPR17 (GPR17, GPRH)
GPR18 (GPR18, GPRI)
GPR20 (GPR20, GPRK)
GPR23 (GPR23, P2RY9, P2Y9)
GPR35 (GPR35)
GPR55 (GPR55)
GPR65 (GPR65) IPR005464
GPR68 (GPR68) IPR005389
GPR92 (GPR92)
GPR132 (132, G2A) IPR005388
Coagulation factor II receptor (F2R, THRR)

Subfamily A8

P2 purinoceptor IPR002286
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₁₂ (P2RY12)
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₁₃ (P2RY13, GPR86) IPR008109
- Purinergic receptor P2Y₁₄ (P2RY14, UDP-glucose receptor, KI01) IPR005466
GPR34 (GPR34)
GPR87 (GPR87)
GPR171 (GPR171, H963)
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR, PAFR) IPR002282

Subfamily A9

Cannabinoid receptor IPR002230
- Cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) (CNR1, CB1R)
- Cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage) (CNR2, CB2R)
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor IPR004065
- Endothelial differentiation gene 2 (EDG2)
- Endothelial differentiation gene 4 (EDG4)
- Endothelial differentiation gene 7 (EDG7)
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor IPR004061
- Endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1)
- Endothelial differentiation gene 3 (EDG3)
- Endothelial differentiation gene 5 (EDG5)
- Endothelial differentiation gene 6 (EDG6)
- Endothelial differentiation gene 8 (EDG8)
Melanocortin/ACTH receptor IPR001671
- Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R, MSHR)
- Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R)
- Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)
- Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R)
- ACTH receptor (MC2R), ACTR)
GPR3 (GPR3)
GPR6 (GPR6)
GPR12 (GPR12, GPRC)

Subfamily A10

Opsins IPR001760^[6]
- Rhodopsin (RHO, OPSD)
- Opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (color blindness, tritan) (OPN1SW, OPSB) (blue-sensitive opsin)
- Opsin 1 (cone pigments), medium-wave-sensitive (color blindness, deutan) (OPN1MW, OPSG) (green-sensitive opsin)
- Opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan) (OPN1LW, OPSR) (red-sensitive opsin)
- Retinal G protein coupled receptor (RGR)
- Retinal pigment epithelium-derived rhodopsin homolog (RRH, OPSX) (visual pigment-like receptor opsin) IPR001793

Subfamily A11

Eicosanoid receptor IPR008365
- Prostaglandin D₂ receptor (PTGDR, PD2R)
- Prostaglandin E₁ receptor (PTGER1, PE21)
- Prostaglandin E₂ receptor (PTGER2, PE22)
- Prostaglandin E₃ receptor (PTGER3, PE23)
- Prostaglandin E₄ receptor (PTGER4, PE24)
- Prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR, PF2R)
- Prostaglandin I₂ (prostacyclin) receptor (PTGIR, PI2R)
- Thromboxane A₂ receptor (TBXA2R, TA2R)

Subfamily A12

Cholecystokinin receptor IPR009126
- Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR, CCKR)
- Cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR, GASR)
Neuropeptide FF receptor IPR005395
- Neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (NPFFR1, FF1R)
- Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2, FF2R)
Orexin receptor IPR000204
- Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 1 (HCRTR1, OX1R)
- Hypocretin (orexin) receptor 2 (HCRTR2, OX2R)
Vasopressin receptor IPR001817
- Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A, V1AR)
- Arginine vasopressin receptor 1B (AVPR1B, V1BR)
- Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2, V2R)
Gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR, GRHR) IPR001658
GPR22 (GPR22, GPRM)
GPR103 (GPR103)
GPR176 (GPR176, GPR)

Subfamily A13

Melatonin receptor IPR000025
- Melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A, ML1A)
- Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B, ML1B)
Neurokinin receptor IPR001681
- Tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1, NK1R)
- Tachykinin receptor 2 (TACR2, NK2R)
- Tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3, NK3R)
Neuropeptide Y receptor IPR000611
- Neuropeptide Y receptor Y1 (NPY1R, NY1R)
- Neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 (NPY2R, NY2R)
- Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 (PPYR1, NY4R)
- Neuropeptide Y receptor Y5 (NPY5R, NY5R)
Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (PRLHR, GPRA) IPR001402
Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1, GPR73)
GPR19 (GPR19, GPRJ)
GPR50 (GPR50, ML1X)
GPR75 (GPR75)
GPR83 (GPR83, GPR72)

Subfamily A14

Bombesin receptor IPR001556
- Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS3)
- Neuromedin B receptor (NMBR)
- Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)
Endothelin receptor IPR000499
- Endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA, ET1R)
- Endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB, ETBR)
- GPR37 (GPR37, ETBR-LP2) IPR003909
Neuromedin U receptor IPR005390
- Neuromedin U receptor 1 (NMUR1)
- Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMU2R)
Neurotensin receptor IPR003984
- Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1, NTR1)
- Neurotensin receptor 2 (NTSR2, NTR2)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR, TRFR) IPR009144
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) IPR003905
GPR39 (GPR39)
Motilin receptor (MLNR, GPR38)

Subfamily A15

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor IPR002231
- 5-HT_2A (HTR2A, 5H2A)
- 5-HT_2B (HTR2B, 5H2B)
- 5-HT_2C (HTR2C, 5H2C)
- 5-HT₆ (HTR6, 5H6) IPR002232
Adrenergic receptor IPR002233
- Alpha_1A (ADRA1A, A1AA)
- Alpha_1B (ADRA1B, A1AB)
- Alpha_1D (ADRA1D, A1AD)
- Alpha_2A (ADRA2A, A2AA)
- Alpha_2B (ADRA2B, A2AB)
- Alpha_2C (ADRA2C, A2AC)
- Beta₁ (ADRB1, B1AR)
- Beta₂ (ADRB2, B2AR)
- Beta₃ (ADRB3, B3AR)
Dopamine receptor IPR000929
- D₁ (DRD1, DADR)
- D₂ (DRD2, D2DR)
- D₃ (DRD3, D3DR)
- D₄ (DRD4, D4DR)
- D₅ (DRD5, DBDR)
Octopamine receptor IPR002002
Trace amine receptor IPR009132
- TAAR2 (TAAR2, GPR58)
- TAAR3 (TAAR3, GPR57)
- TAAR5 (TAAR5, PNR)
- TAAR8 (TAAR8, GPR102)
Histamine H₂ receptor (HRH2, HH2R) IPR000503

Subfamily A16

Histamine H₁ receptor (HRH1, HH1R) IPR000921
Histamine H₃ receptor (HRH3) IPR003980
Histamine H₄ receptor (HRH4) IPR008102
Adenosine receptor IPR001634
- A₁ (ADORA1, AA1R)
- A_2a (ADORA2A, AA2A)
- A_2b (ADORA2B, AA2B)
- A₃ (ADORA3, AA3R)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor IPR000995
- M₁ (CHRM1, ACM1)
- M₂ (CHRM2, ACM2)
- M₃ (CHRM3, ACM3)
- M₄ (CHRM4, ACM4)
- M₅ (CHRM5, ACM5)
GPR21 (GPR21, GPRL)
GPR27 (GPR27)
GPR45 (GPR45, PSP24)
GPR52 (GPR52)
GPR61 (GPR61)
GPR62 (GPR62)
GPR63 (GPR63)
GPR78 (GPR78)
GPR84 (GPR84)
GPR85 (GPR85)
GPR88 (GPR88)
GPR101 (GPR101)
GPR161 (GPR161, RE2)
GPR173 (GPR173, SREB3)

Subfamily A17

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor IPR002231
- 5-HT_1A (HTR1A, 5H1A)
- 5-HT_1B (HTR1B, 5H1B)
- 5-HT_1D (HTR1D, 5H1D)
- 5-HT_1E (HTR1E, 5H1E)
- 5-HT_1F (HTR1F, 5H1F)
- 5-HT₄ (HTR4) IPR001520
- 5-HT_5A (HTR5A, 5H5A)
- 5-HT₇ (HTR7, 5H7) IPR001069

Subfamily A18

Anaphylatoxin receptors IPR002234
- C3a receptor (C3AR1, C3AR)
- C5a receptor (C5AR1, C5AR)
- Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1, CML1)
Formyl peptide receptor IPR000826
- Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1, FMLR)
- Formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1, FML2)
- Formyl peptide receptor-like 2 (FPRL2, FML1)
MAS1 oncogene IPR000820
- MAS1 (MAS1, MAS)
- MAS1L (MAS1L, MRG)
GPR1 (GPR1)
GPR32 (GPR32, GPRW)
GPR44 (GPR44)
GPR77 (GPR77, C5L2)

Subfamily A19

Glycoprotein hormone receptor IPR002131
- FSH-receptor (FSHR)
- Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR, LSHR)
- Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4 , GPR48)
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR5 , GPR49)

Unclassified

Olfactory receptor IPR000725
Vomeronasal receptor IPR004072
- VN1R1
- VN1R2
- VN1R3
- VN1R4
- VN1R5

References

^ Attwood TK, Findlay JB (1994). "Fingerprinting G-protein-coupled receptors". Protein Eng. 7 (2): 195-203. PMID 8170923.
^ Birnbaumer L (1990). "G proteins in signal transduction". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 30: 675-705. PMID 2111655.
^ Gilman AG, Casey PJ (1988). "G protein involvement in receptor-effector coupling". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (6): 2577-2580. PMID 2830256.
^ Attwood TK, Findlay JB (1993). "Design of a discriminating fingerprint for G-protein-coupled receptors". Protein Eng. 6 (2): 167-176. PMID 8386361.
^ Joost P, Methner A (2002). "Phylogenetic analysis of 277 human G-protein-coupled receptors as a tool for the prediction of orphan receptor ligands". Genome Biol 3 (11): research0063.1-0063.16. doi:10.1186/gb-2002-3-11-research0063. PMID 12429062.
^ Terakita A (2005). "The opsins". Genome Biol. 6 (3): 213. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-3-213. PMID 15774036.
^ Horn F, Bettler E, Oliveira L, Campagne F, Cohen FE, Vriend G (2003). "GPCRDB information system for G protein-coupled receptors". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (1): 294–7. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg103. PMID 12520006.

v • d • e Transmembrane receptor: G protein-coupled receptors
Class A: Rhodopsin like	Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) - Adrenergic (α1 (A, B, D), α2 (A, B, C), β1, β2, β3) - Adrenomedullin - Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) - Angiotensin (1, 2) - Apelin - Bile acid - Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) - Bradykinin (B1, B2) - Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2) - Chemokine - Cholecystokinin (A, B) - Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) - Eicosanoid (CysLT (1, 2), LTB4 (1, 2), FPRL1, OXE, Prostaglandin ((DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), PGF, Prostacyclin, Thromboxane) - EBI2 - Endothelin (A, B) - Estrogen - Formyl peptide (1, L1, L2) - Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) - FSH - Galanin (1, 2, 3) - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 119, 120, 132, 135, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 182) - Ghrelin - Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) - Kisspeptin - Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin - Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) - MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) - Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - MCHR (1, 2) - Melatonin (1A, 1B)- Motilin - neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) - Neuropeptide (B/W (1, 2), FF (1, 2), S, Y (1, 2, 4, 5)) - Neurotensin (1, 2) - Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin, but not Sigma) - Olfactory - Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) - Orexin (1, 2) - Oxytocin - Oxoglutarate - PAF - Prokineticin (1, 2) - Prolactin-releasing peptide - Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) - Purinergics (Adenosine (A1, A2a, A2b, A3), P2Y, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)) - Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) - Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) - Serotonin, all but 5-HT3 (5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F), 5-HT2 (A, B, C), 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)) - SREB - Succinate - TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) - Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) - Thyrotropin - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Urotensin-II - Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)
Class B: Secretin like	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) - Cadherin (1, 2, 3) - Calcitonin - CD97 - Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) - EMR (1, 2, 3) - Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) - Growth hormone releasing hormone - PACAPR1- GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 157) - Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) - Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) - Secretin - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)
Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone	Calcium-sensing receptor - GABA B (1, 2) - Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) - GPRC6A - GPR (156, 158, 179) - RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4) - Taste receptors (TAS1R (1, 2, 3) TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50))
Frizzled / Smoothened	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) - Smoothened

Categories: G protein coupled receptors | Protein domains | Protein families

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rhodopsin-like_receptors". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.