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Rhinolophus



Horseshoe bats

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Rhinolophidae
Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Gray, 1825
Genus: Rhinolophus
Lacépède, 1799
Species

see separate list of Rhinolophus species

The genus Rhinolophus, commonly called horseshoe bats, comprises approximately 69 distinct species and the only genus of subfamily Rhinolophinae. This is the largest group within the Rhinolophidae family of bats, though they show very little in the way of ecological diversity and are very much a variation on the same theme.

Their common name comes from the large horseshoe-shaped nose leaf used for directing their ultrasound.

They have very broad, rounded wings and very fluttery flight patterns, the "archetypal flying bat". They occur over a wide range of temperate to tropical woodland and open habitat where they catch insects in mid flight and also glean insects and spiders from foliage while hovering in front of their prey.

They are thought to represent very closely the ancestral form of the "microbat" group and so are considered among the more primitive of the whole Microchiroptera.

In September 2005, four Rhinolophus species (R. sinicus, R. ferrumequinum, R. macrotis, R. pearsoni) were identified as natural reservoirs of SARS coronavirus-like viruses, the causative agent of SARS outbreaks in 2002-2004 (Li et al, 2005; Lau et al, 2005).

List of species

  • Rhinolophus acuminatus Peters, 1871 - acuminate horseshoe bat
    Range: Borneo, Java, Lombok, Bali, Palawan, Nias Island, Enggano Island, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia
  • Rhinolophus adami Aellen & Brosset, 1968 - Adam's horseshoe bat
    Range: Congo Republic
  • Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 - intermediate horseshoe bat
    Range: Indonesia, Malaysia, Sumba, Andaman Islands, Sri Lanka, Southern China
  • Rhinolophus alcyone Temminck, 1852 - halcyon horseshoe bat
    Range: Ghana, Senegal, Uganda, SW.Sudan, N.Zaire, Gabon, Bioko
  • Rhinolophus anderseni Cabrera, 1909 - Anderson's horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines-Luzon, Palawan
  • Rhinolophus arcuatus Peters, 1871 - arcuate horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines, Wetar, Sumatra, Sarawak
  • Rhinolophus blasii Peters, 1867 - Blasius' horseshoe bat
    Range: Europe, SW.Asia, Afghanistan, Caucasus, Morocco, Tunisia, Eritrea, N. Africa
  • Rhinolophus borneensis Peters, 1861 - Bornean horseshoe bat
    Range: N.Borneo, Labuan Island, Banguey Island, Karimata Island, S.Natuna Islands, Cambodia, Vietnam, Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi
  • Rhinolophus canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 - Canut's horseshoe bat
    Range: Java, Timor
  • Rhinolophus capensis Lichtenstein, 1823 - Cape horseshoe bat
    Range: South Africa-Cape Province, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • Rhinolophus celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 - Sulawesi horseshoe bat
    Range: South Africa
  • Rhinolophus chiewkweeae Yoshiyuki & Lim 2005
  • Rhinolophus clivosus Cretzschmar, 1828 - Geoffroy's horseshoe bat
    Range: Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Africa savanna zone south of Sahara, Algeria, Turkestan, NE.Iran, N.Afghanistan
  • Rhinolophus coelophyllus Peters, 1867 - Croslet horseshoe bat
    Range: Malaya, Thailand, Myanmar
  • Rhinolophus cognatus K. Andersen, 1906 - kindred horseshoe bat
    Range: Andaman Islands
  • Rhinolophus cornutus Temminck, 1835 - little Japanese horseshoe bat
    Range: Japan, SEChina
  • Rhinolophus creaghi Thomas, 1896 - Creagh's horseshoe bat
    Range: Borneo, Madura, Java, Timor
  • Rhinolophus darlingi small>K. Andersen, 1905 - Darling's horseshoe bat
    Range: Transvaal, Namibia, S.Angola, N.Botswana, W.Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania
  • Rhinolophus deckenii Peters, 1868 - Decken's horseshoe bat
    Range: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Pemba, Zanzibar
  • Rhinolophus denti Thomas, 1904 - Dent's horseshoe bat
    Range: Northern Cape Province, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Guinea
  • Rhinolophus eloquens K. Andersen, 1905 - eloquent horseshoe bat
    Range: Uganda, S.Somalia, S.Sudan, NE.Zaire, Kenya, Rwanda, N.Tanzania, Pemba, Zanzibar
  • Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853 - Mediterranean horseshoe bat
    Range: S.Europe, N.Africa, Turkestan, Iran, V.România (Tăşad)
  • Rhinolophus euryotis Temminck, 1835 - broad-eared horseshoe bat
    Range: Aru Islands, Buru, Ambon Island, Seram, Timor, Kai Islands, batchian, New Guinea, Bismark archipelago, Sulawesi
  • Rhinolophus feae K. Andersen, 1905
    Range: Myanmar, Thailand
  • Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Schreber, 1774 - greater horseshoe bat
    Range: Europe, UK, N.Africa, S.Palearctic, Japan
  • Rhinolophus fumigatus Ruppell, 1842 - Rüppell's horseshoe bat
    Range: Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan,Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Benin, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger, Cameroon, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, South Africa
  • Rhinolophus guineensis Eisentraut, 1960 - Guinean horseshoe bat
    Range: Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone
  • Rhinolophus hildebrandti Peters, 1878 - Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat
    Range: Transvaal, Mozambique, Ethiopia, S. Sudan, NE. Zaire
  • Rhinolophus hipposideros Bechstein, 1800 - lesser horseshoe bat
    Range: Ireland, UK, Europe, Iberia, Morocco, N. Africa, Turkestan, Kashmir
  • Rhinolophus imaizumii Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980 - Imaizumi's horseshoe bat
    Range: S.Japan-Iriomote Island
  • Rhinolophus inops K. Andersen, 1905 - Philippine forest horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines-Mindanao
  • Rhinolophus keyensis Peters, 1871 - insular horseshoe bat
    Range: batchian, Seram, Goram, Kai Islands, Wetar Island
  • Rhinolophus landeri Martin, 1838 - Lander's horseshoe bat
    Range: Senegal, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, South Africa, Namibia, W.Angola, Bioko, Zaire, Zanzibar
  • Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth, 1844 - Blyth's horseshoe bat
    Range: Afghanistan, N.India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sichuan, Yunnan, Malaya, Sumatra
  • Rhinolophus luctus Temminck, 1835 - woolly horseshoe bat
    Range: India, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, S.China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Bali
  • Rhinolophus maclaudi Pousargues, 1897 - Maclaud's horseshoe bat
    Range: Guinea, E.Zaire, W.Uganda, Rwanda
  • Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 - big-eared horseshoe bat
    Range: N.India, S.China, Vietnam, Malaya, Sumatra, Guimaras Island
  • Rhinolophus malayanus Bonhote, 1903 - Malayan horseshoe bat
    Range: Thailand, Laos, Vietnam
  • Rhinolophus marshalli Thonglongya, 1973 - Marshall's horseshoe bat
    Range: Thailand
  • Rhinolophus megaphyllus Gray, 1834 - smaller horseshoe bat
    Range: E.New Guinea, Misima Island, Goodenough Island, Bismark archipelago, Australia -Queensland, New South Wales, SE. Victoria
  • Rhinolophus mehelyi Matschie, 1901 - Mehely's horseshoe bat
    Range: S.Europe, Morocco, Cyrenaica, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Iran
  • Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844 - mitred horseshoe bat
    Range: N.India
  • Rhinolophus monoceros K. Andersen, 1905 - Formosan lesser horseshoe bat
    Range: Taiwan
  • Rhinolophus nereis K. Andersen, 1905 - Neriad horseshoe bat
    Range: Siantan Island, Bungaran Island
  • Rhinolophus osgoodi Sanborn, 1939 - 92-92.5kHz
    Range: China-Yunnan
  • Rhinolophus paradoxolophus Bourret, 1951 - Bourret's horseshoe bat
    Range: N.Vietnam, Thailand
  • Rhinolophus pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 - Pearson's horseshoe bat
    Range: N.India, Myanmar, China-Sichuan, Anhui, Fujian, N.Vietnam, Thailand, Malaya
  • Rhinolophus philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843 - large-eared horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines-Mindoro, Luzon, Mindanao, Negros, Kai Islands, S.Sulawesi, Timor, N.Borneo, Australia-NE.Queensland
  • Rhinolophus pusillus Temminck, 1834 - least horseshoe bat
    Range: India, Thailand, Malaya, Mentawai Islands
  • Rhinolophus rex G. M. Allen, 1923 - king horseshoe bat
    Range: SW.China
  • Rhinolophus robinsoni K. Andersen, 1918 - peninsular horseshoe bat
    Range: Malaya, Thailand
  • Rhinolophus rouxii Temminck, 1835 - rufous horseshoe bat
    Range: Sri Lanka, India, S.China, Vietnam
  • Rhinolophus rufus Eydous & Gervais, 1836 - large rufous horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines
  • Rhinolophus sakejiensis Cotterill, 2002
    Range: Zambia
  • Rhinolophus sedulus K. Andersen, 1905 - lesser woolly horseshoe bat
    Range: Malaya, Borneo
  • Rhinolophus shameli Tate, 1943 - Shamel's horseshoe bat
    Range: Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaya
  • Rhinolophus silvestris Aellen, 1959 - forest horseshoe bat
    Range: Gabon, Congo Republic
  • Rhinolophus simplex K. Andersen, 1905 - Lombok horseshoe bat
    Range: Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo Island
  • Rhinolophus simulator K. Andersen, 1904 - bushveld horseshoe bat
    Range: South Africa, S.Sudan, Ethiopia, Cameroon, N.Nigeria
  • Rhinolophus stheno K. Andersen, 1905 - lesser brown horseshoe bat
    Range: Malaya, Thailand, Sumatra, Java
  • Rhinolophus subbadius Blyth, 1844 - little Nepalese horseshoe bat
    Range: Assam, Nepal, N.Vietnam, Myanmar
  • Rhinolophus subrufus K. Andersen, 1905 - small rufous horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines-Mindanao, Luzon, Mindoro, Negros
  • Rhinolophus swinnyi Gough, 1908 - Swinny's horseshoe bat
    Range: South Africa, S.Zaire, Zanzibar
  • Rhinolophus thomasi K. Andersen, 1905 - Thomas' horseshoe bat
    Range: SE. Myanmar, N. Vietnam, Thailand, Yunnan
  • Rhinolophus trifoliatus Temminck, 1834 - trefoil horseshoe bat
    Range: Malaya, Sumatra, Riau Islands, Banguey Island, Borneo, Java, SW.Thailand, Myanmar, NE.India, Bangka Island, Nias
  • Rhinolophus virgo K. Andersen, 1905 - yellow-faced horseshoe bat
    Range: Philippines
  • Rhinolophus yunanensis Dobson, 1872 - Dobson's horseshoe bat
    Range: China-Yunnan, Thailand, NE.India

References

  • Li, W, Zhengli, S, Meng, Y et al . (2005). Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. Science 310 (5748):676–679.
  • Lau, S, Woo, P, Li, K et al . (2005). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats. PNAS 102 (39):14040–14045.

References in Borneo

Abdullah MT. 2003. Biogeography and variation of Cynopterus brachyotis in Southeast Asia. PhD thesis. The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.

Corbet, GB, Hill JE. 1992. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Hall LS, Gordon G. Grigg, Craig Moritz, Besar Ketol, Isa Sait, Wahab Marni and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Biogeography of fruit bats in Southeast Asia. Sarawak Museum Journal LX(81):191-284.

Karim, C., A.A. Tuen and M.T. Abdullah. 2004. Mammals. Sarawak Museum Journal Special Issue No. 6. 80: 221—234.

Mohd. Azlan J., Ibnu Maryanto , Agus P. Kartono and M.T. Abdullah. 2003 Diversity, Relative Abundance and Conservation of Chiropterans in Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sarawak Museum Journal 79: 251-265.

Hall LS, Richards GC, Abdullah MT. 2002. The bats of Niah National Park, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal. 78: 255-282.

Wilson DE, Reeder DM. 2005. Mammal species of the world. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC.

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rhinolophus". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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