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Quantum brain dynamics

In neuroscience, quantum brain dynamics (QBD) is a hypothesis to explain the function of the brain within the framework of quantum field theory.

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Large systems, like those studied biologically, have less symmetry than the idealized systems or single crystals often studied in physics. Jeffery Goldstone proved that, where symmetry is broken, additional bosons, the Nambu-Goldstone bosons, will then be observed in the spectrum of possible states- one canonical example being the phonon in a crystal.

Umezawa (1967) proposed a general theory of quanta of long-range coherent waves within and between brain cells, and showed a possible mechanism of memory storage and retrieval in terms of Nambu-Goldstone bosons. This was later fleshed out into a theory encompassing all biological cells and systems in the quantum biodynamics of Del Giudice et al., (1986, 1988). Mari Jibu and Kunio Yasue (1995) later popularized these results and discussed the implications towards consciousness.

References

Conte, E, Todarello, O, Federici, A, Vitiello, F, Lopane, M, Khrennikov, A, Zbilut JP (2007). Some remarks on an experiment suggesting quantum-like behavior of cognitive entities and formulation of an abstract quantum mechanical formalism to describe cognitive entity and its dynamics. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 31: 1076-1088 [1]
Del Giudice E, Doglia S, Milani M, Vitiello G (1986). Electromagnetic field and spontaneous symmetry breaking in biological matter. Nucl. Phys. B 275: 185-199.
Del Giudice E, Preparata G, Vitiello G (1988). Water as a free electric dipole laser. Physical Review Letters 61: 1085-1088. Abstract
Jibu M, Yasue K (1995). Quantum Brain Dynamics: An Introduction. John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
Jibu M, Yasue K (1997). What is mind? Quantum field theory of evanescent photons in brain as quantum theory of consciousness. Informatica 21: 471-490. Abstract
Ricciardi LM, Umezawa H (1967). Brain and physics of many-body problems. Kybernetik 4: 44-48.
Weiss V, Weiss H (2003). The golden mean as clock cycle of brain waves. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 18: 643-652. Full text