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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers, also known as Hereditary Intestinal Polyposis Syndrome, is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the development of hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Additional recommended knowledge
DiagnosisThe three main criteria for diagnosis are:
Having 2 of the 3 listed criteria indicates a positive diagnosis. The oral findings are consistent with other conditions, such as Addison's disease and McCune-Albright syndrome, and these should be included in the differential diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis requires a histological sample of a polyp. GeneticsIn 1998, a gene was found to be associated with the mutation. On chromosome 19, the gene known as STK11/LKB1[1] is a possible tumor suppressor gene. It is inherited in an Autosomal Dominant pattern (see Mendelian inheritance) which means that anyone who has PJS has a 50% chance of passing it onto their children. PresentationThe risks associated with this syndrome include a strong tendency of developing cancer in multiple sites,[2] especially in the gastrointestinal tract. Other areas include the pancreas, liver, lungs, breast, ovaries, and testicles. The average age of first diagnosis is 23, but the lesions can be identified at birth by an astute pediatrician. Prior to puberty, the mucocutaneous lesions can be found on the palms and soles. Often the first presentation is as a bowel obstruction from an intussusception; an intussusception is a telescoping of one loop of bowel into another segment. Most of the data regarding this disorder are from selected family lines and thus the risks endured by those families regarding outcomes may not translate completely to the patient without a familial history. PrognosisAlmost half of Peutz-Jeghers patients die from cancer by age 57 years, and the cumulative risk of developing a form of cancer associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome between ages 15-64 is 93%.[3] ScreeningScreening for cancers include upper GI endoscopy, enteroclysis, colonoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, testicular ultrasound. References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Peutz-Jeghers_syndrome". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |