Persistent left superior vena cava

**Persistent left superior vena cava**
*Classification & external resources*
ICD-10	Q26.1
ICD-9	747.49

In anatomy, a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system,^[1]^[2] is prevalent in 0.3% of the population,^[3] and an embryologic reminant that results from a failure to involute.

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In PLSVC, the left brachiocephalic vein does not develop fully and the left upper limb and head & neck drain into the right atrium via the coronary sinus. The variation, in insolation, is considered benign, but is very frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities (e.g. ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect) that have a significant mortality and morbidity.^[4] It is more frequent in patients with congenital heart defects.^[5]

References

^ Pahwa R, Kumar A. Persistent left superior vena cava: an intensivist's experience and review of the literature. South Med J. 2003 May;96(5):528-9. PMID 12911199.
^ Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Testa A, Vidan J, Izquierdo R, Garcia-Castelo A, Daniel C, Armesto V. Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus: report of 10 cases and literature review. Clin Cardiol. 2004 Sep;27(9):515-8. PMID 15471164.
^ Freedom RM, Culham JAG, Moes CAF. Angiography of Congenital Heart Disease. Macmillan Publishing Co., New. York, 1984. URL: http://www.learningradiology.com/archives03/COW%20061-Persistent%20Left%20SVC/leftsvccorrect.htm. Accessed on March 24, 2006.
^ Berg C, Knuppel M, Geipel A, Kohl T, Krapp M, Knopfle G, Germer U, Hansmann M, Gembruch U. Prenatal diagnosis of persistent left superior vena cava and its associated congenital anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Mar;27(3):274-80. PMID 16456841.
^ Bjerregaard P, Laursen HB. Persistent left superior vena cava. Incidence, associated congenital heart defects and frontal plane P-wave axis in a paediatric population with congenital heart disease. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1980 Jan;69(1):105-8. PMID 7368902.

External links

Radiograph of a persistent left SVC - learningradiology.com.

v • d • e Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system (Q20-Q28, 745-747)
Cardiac chambers and connections	Persistent truncus arteriosus - Double outlet right ventricle (Taussig-Bing syndrome) - Transposition of the great vessels (dextro, levo)
Cardiac septa	Ventricular septal defect - Atrial septal defect (Lutembacher's syndrome) - Atrioventricular septal defect (Ostium primum) - Tetralogy of Fallot - Eisenmenger's syndrome
Right: pulmonary and tricuspid valves	pulmonary valves (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valves (stenosis, atresia) - Ebstein's anomaly
Left: aortic and mitral valves	aortic valves (stenosis, insufficiency, bicuspid) - mitral valves (stenosis, regurgitation) - Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Other congenital malformations of heart	Dextrocardia - Levocardia - Cor triatriatum
Great arteries	aorta (Patent ductus arteriosus, Aortic coarctation, Interrupted aortic arch, Overriding aorta, Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva, Vascular ring) - Pulmonary atresia
Great veins	Persistent left superior vena cava - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection - Scimitar syndrome
Other	Arteriovenous malformation (Cerebral arteriovenous malformation)
See also non-congenital conditions (I, 390-459)

Category: Veins

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Persistent_left_superior_vena_cava". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.