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Pattern recognition (Physiological Psychology)Pattern recognition involves identification of faces, objects, words, melodies, etc. The visual system does more than just interpret forms, contours and colors. Pattern recognition refers to the process of recognizing a set of stimuli arranged in a certain pattern that is characteristic of that set of stimuli. Pattern recognition is an innate ability of animals. Additional recommended knowledge
Theories of pattern recognition
Template matchingThe incoming sensory information is compared directly to copies (templates) stored in the long term memory. These copies are stored in the process of our past experiences and learning. Eg. A A A are all recognized as the letter A Prototype matchingPrototype means a concept of average characteristics of a particular subject. For instance a concept of small animal with feathers, beak, two wings that can fly is a prototype concept of a crow, sparrow, hen, eagle, etc. Prototype matching unlike template matching does not emphasize a perfect match between the incoming stimuli and the stored concept in the brain. Feature analysisAccording to this theory, the visual system breaks down the incoming stimuli into its features and process the information. Some features may be more important for recognition than others. All stimuli have a set of distinctive features. Feature analysis proceeds through 4 stages.
Recognition of componentsIrving Biederman theorizes that every object is made up of geons - the building blocks of all objects (cylinders, cones, are combined in many ways (on top of, to the side, etc.). Hierarchy of detectors:
According to Biederman an individual on average is familiar with about 30,000 objects and recognizing them requires no more than 36 geons. |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pattern_recognition_(Physiological_Psychology)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |