Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia

Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia (PKND) is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis" ^[1].

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Symptoms

The condition manifests itself as attacks lasting from a few minutes to several hours. Sufferers can have multiple attacks on a daily basis or may have periods of weeks or months between attacks. Symptoms experienced during attacks can vary and include dystonic, choreic, athetoid, ballistic, or a combination. During attacks the sufferer remains conscious.

Alternate names

The condition can and has been referred to by a number of different names since it was first described including the following:-

• Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
• PNKD
• Paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis
• PDC
• Nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis
• Mount-Reback syndrome
• Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis
• Choreoathetosis familial paroxysmal
• FPD1
• DYT8
• Dystonia 8

References