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Nociceptin

Nociceptin

Other names	Orphinan FQ
Identifiers
CAS number	170713-75-4
PubChem	16131448
MeSH	nociceptin
Properties
Molecular formula	C₇₉H₁₂₉N₂₇O₂₂
Molar mass	1809.04
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

prepronociceptin
Identifiers
Symbol	PNOC
Entrez	5368
HUGO	9163
OMIM	601459
RefSeq	NM_006228
UniProt	Q13519
Other data
Locus	Chr. 8 p21

Nociceptin or orphanin FQ, a 17 amino acid neuropeptide, is the endogenous ligand for the nociceptin receptor (NOP, ORL-1). It is derived from the prepronociceptin protein, as are a further 2 peptides, nocistatin & NocII.^[1] The gene coding for prepronociceptin is located on Ch8p21 in humans.^[2]

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Nociceptin is an opioid-related peptide, but it does not act at the classic opioid receptors and its actions are not antagonized by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Nociceptin is a potent anti-analgesic. Nociceptin is widely distributed in the CNS; it is found in many regions of the hypothalamus, brainstem, and forebrain, as well as in the ventral horn and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Nociceptin acts at the Nociceptin receptor (NOP1), formerly known as ORL-1. The receptor is also widely distributed in the brain, including in the cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral |septum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, central gray, pontine nuclei, interpeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, raphe complex, locus coeruleus, and spinal cord.

The N/OFQ-NOP system is found in central and peripheral nervous tissue, where it is well placed to modulate nociception.^[2] Indeed, there is some evidence that nociceptin may be involved in the phenomenon of opioid-induced hyperalgesia.^[3]

References

^ Okuda-Ashitaka E, Minami T, Tachibana S, Yoshihara Y, Nishiuchi Y, Kimura T, Ito S. "Nocistatin, a peptide that blocks nociceptin action in pain transmission." Nature. 1998 Mar 19; 392(6673):286-9. PMID 9521323
^ ^a ^b Mollereau C, Simons MJ, Soularue P, Liners F, Vassart G, Meunier JC, Parmentier M. "Structure, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of the prepronociceptin gene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 1996 Aug 6; 93(16):8666-70. PMID 8710928
^ Pan ZZ, Hirakawa N, Fields HL. "A cellular mechanism for the bidirectional pain-modulating actions of orphanin FQ/nociceptin." Neuron. 2000 May; 26(2):515-22. PMID 10839369