Neuroimmune System

By definition the neuroimmune system is comprised of the immune system and those components of the nervous system that modulate immune response. In practice, the neuroimmune system also includes hormonal signals and cytokines that participate in signalling between the immune and nervous systems.

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Structure

See the article on the immune system for the structure the immune system.

The key components of the nervous system that interact with the immune system are:

• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary gland
• Vagus nerve

The key components of the endocrine system that interact with the immune system are:

• Adrenals

Signals

Hormonal signaling between the nervous system and immune system is provided by:

• Corticosteroids

Cytokine signaling between the nervous system and immune system is provided by:

• Opioids

Overview of neuro-immune interactions

Cytokines regulate immune responses, possibly through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

There is growing evidence that auto-immune T-cells are involved in neurogenesis. Studies have shown that during times of adaptive immune system response, hyppocampal neurogenesis is increased, and conversely that auto-immune T-cells and microglia are important for neurogenesis (and so memory and learning) in healthy adults[1].

See also

• immune system
• Immunology
• Neurology
• Psychoneuroimmunology