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Neurogenic bladder

**Neurogenic bladder**
*Classification & external resources*
ICD-10	N31.9
ICD-9	596.54
DiseasesDB	30837
eMedicine	med/3176
MeSH	D001750

Neurogenic bladder refers to dysfunction of the urinary bladder due to disease of the central nervous system or peripheral nerves involved in the control of micturition.

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Causes

Neurogenic bladder is often associated with spinal cord diseases, injuries, and neural tube defects including spina bifida. It may also be caused by brain tumors and other diseases of the brain, and by peripheral nerve diseases. It is a common complication of major surgery in the pelvis, such as for removal of sacrococcygeal teratoma and other tumors.

Treatments

Neurogenic bladder usually causes difficulty or full inability to pass urine without use of a catheter or other method. Consequently most treatments involve creation of a stoma that is continent and readily accepts a catheter. These are known as Mitrofanoff mechanisms. Anti-cholinergic medication may also be used.

Function of the stoma may be augmented by periodic injections of botulinum toxin to relax one of the two sphincters involved in normal urination.^[1] The effect is longer lasting with botulinum toxin type A than with type B.^[2] This use of botulinum toxin is discussed at length in the French medical literature.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

References

^ Akbar M, Abel R, Seyler TM, Gerner HJ, Möhring K (2007). "Repeated botulinum-A toxin injections in the treatment of myelodysplastic children and patients with spinal cord injuries with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.". BJU Int. 100 (3): 639-45. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06977.x. PMID 17532858.
^ Hirst GR, Watkins AJ, Guerrero K, Wareham K, Emery SJ, Jones DR, Lucas MG (2007). "Botulinum toxin B is not an effective treatment of refractory overactive bladder.". Urology 69 (1): 69-73. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.09.005. PMID 17270619.
^ Game X, Karsenty G, Chartier-Kastler E, Ruffion A (2007). "[Treatment of neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity: enterocystoplasty]" (in French). Prog. Urol. 17 (3): 584-96. PMID 17622095.
^ Karsenty G, Corcos J, Schurch B, Ruffion A, Chartier-Kastler E (2007). "[Pharmacological treatment of neurogenic detrusor hyperactivity: intradetrusor botulinum toxin A injections]" (in French). Prog. Urol. 17 (3): 568-75. PMID 17622092.
^ Chartier-Kastler E, Ruffion A (2007). "[Treatment of vesicoureteric reflux and neurogenic bladder]" (in French). Prog. Urol. 17 (3): 470-2. PMID 17622079.
^ Chartier-Kastler E, Comperat E, Ruffion A (2007). "[Disorders of bladder compliance and neurogenic bladder]" (in French). Prog. Urol. 17 (3): 442-7. PMID 17622074.
^ Chenet A, Perrouin-Verbe B, Le Normand L, Labat JJ, Brunel P, Lefort M, Mathé JF (2007). "[Efficacy of repeat injections of botulinum A toxin to the detrusor in neurogenic bladder overactivity.]". doi:10.1016/j.annrmp.2007.03.019. PMID 17490775.

v • d • e Urinary system - Pathology - Nephrology (N00-N39, 580-599)
Diseases of the glomerulus	Glomerulonephritis - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis - Membranous glomerulonephritis - Nephritic syndrome - Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis - Nephrotic syndrome (Minimal change disease) - IgA nephropathy - Lupus nephritis - Diabetic nephropathy - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Tubulointerstitial diseases of the kidney	Interstitial nephritis - Pyelonephritis - Hydronephrosis - Pyonephrosis - Balkan nephropathy - Reflux nephropathy
Renal failure	Acute renal failure (Acute tubular necrosis) - Chronic renal failure
Urolithiasis	Kidney stone - Renal colic
Diseases of the renal tubule and other disorders of kidney and ureter	Renal osteodystrophy - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Renal tubular acidosis - Nephroptosis - Ureterocele
Other diseases and disorders of urinary system	urinary bladder: Cystitis (Interstitial cystitis, Trigonitis) - Neurogenic bladder - Vesicointestinal fistula urethra: Urethritis (Non-gonococcal urethritis) - Urethral syndrome - Urethral stricture Urinary tract infection
Tumors of the kidney	Renal cell carcinoma - Wilms' tumor (children)
See also congenital conditions (Q60-Q64, 753)

Category: Urology

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Neurogenic_bladder". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.