Neoplasia

Neoplasia (new growth in Greek) is the abnormal proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ, resulting in a neoplasm.

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A neoplasm that forms a distinct mass is a tumor. Other neoplasms, those that form no mass, include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and leukemia.

A neoplasm can be benign, or potentially or frankly malignant. Benign neoplasms include leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) and melanocytic nevi (moles). Potentially malignant neoplasms include teratoma. Frankly malignant neoplasms include many kinds of cancer.

Although there is no consensus biological definition of a neoplasm, the definition of the British oncologist R.A. Willis is widely cited:

Neoplastic tumors often contain more than one type of cell, but their initiation and continued growth is usually dependent on a single population of neoplastic cells. These cells are clonal - that is, they are descended from a single progenitor cell. The neoplastic cells typically bear common genetic or epigenetic abnormalities which are not seen in the non-neoplastic stromal cells and blood-vessel forming cells, whose growth is dependent on molecular stimuli from the neoplastic cells. The demonstration of clonality is now considered by many to be necessary (though not sufficient) to define a cellular proliferation as neoplastic.

See also

• Paraneoplastic phenomenon
• Dysplasia
• Hyperplasia
• Oncology
• Neurofibromatosis

References