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MyogenicMyogenic contraction refers to a myocyte contraction that originates from a property of the myocyte itself. I.e. the contraction is initiated by the cell itself, not an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation. Additional recommended knowledge
MechanismsUnstable Membrane PotentialsMany cells have resting membrane potentials that are unstable. This instability is usually due to ion channels in the cell membrane that spontaneously open and close (e.g. If channels in cardiac pacemaker cells). When the membrane potential reaches depolarization threshold an action potential (AP) is fired, excitation-contraction coupling initiates and the myocyte contracts. Slow wave potentialsSlow wave potential are unstable resting membrane potentials that continuously cycle through depolarization- and repolarization phases. However, not every cycle reaches depolarization threshold and thus an action potential (AP) will not always fire. Owing to temporal summation (depolarization potentials spaced closely together in time so that they summate), however, cell membrane depolarization will periodically reach depolarization threshold and an action potential will fire, triggering contraction of the myocyte. Pacemaker potentialsPacemaker potentials are unstable cell membrane potentials that reach depolarization threshold with every depolarization/repolarization cycle. This results in AP's being fired according to a set rhythm. Cardiac pacemaker cells, a type of cardiac myocyte in the SA node of heart, are an example of cells with a pacemaker potential.
StretchThis mechanism involves the opening of mechanically-gated Ca2+ channels when some myocytes are stretched. The resulting influx of Ca2+ ions lead to the initiation of excitation-contraction coupling and thus contraction of the myocyte.
See alsoMembrane potential |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Myogenic". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |