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Monomethylhydrazine

Monomethylhydrazine


IUPAC name	Methylhydrazine
Identifiers
CAS number	60-34-4
Properties
Molecular formula	CH₃N₂H₃
Molar mass	46.07 g/mol
Density	0.88 g/cm³
Melting point	-52 °C
Boiling point	87 °C
Solubility in water	Soluble
Solubility in other solvents	soluble in alcohol and ether
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine with the chemical formula CH₃N₂H₃. It is used as a rocket fuel in bipropellant rocket engines.

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MMH is very commonly applied notably in the OMS (orbital maneuvering system) engines of the NASA Space Shuttle. The compound is toxic and carcinogenic, but easily stored in space providing moderate performance for very low tankage and fuel maintenance system weight. Recently the European Space Agency has attempted to seek new options in terms of propellant/oxidiser combinations in order to avoid chemicals such as this.[1]

MMH and its relative UDMH (unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine) have a key advantage that they are stable enough to be used in regeneratively cooled rocket engines.

It is also found in trace amounts in raw Agaricus bisporus, the common mushroom in grocery stores, and in most members of the mushroom genus Gyromitra, most notably the False Morel (Gyromitra esculenta).

Sources

Sutton, Biblarz; Rocket Propulsion Elements 7th. Edition; p. 244, 258; Wiley-Interscience Publication; 2001
L. Catoire et al. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Volume 22, N°1, pp. 120-126 (2006)