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Medical research related to low-carbohydrate diets
This article summarizes a sampling of the studies that exist related to this diet trend. It is not a complete listing of all relevant research. For general information about low-carbohydrate diets see the main article. Additional recommended knowledge
SynopsisBecause of the substantial controversy regarding low-carbohydrate diets, and even disagreements in interpreting the results of specific studies, it is currently difficult to objectively summarize the research in a way that reflects scientific consensus. Although there has been some research done throughout the twentieth century, most directly relevant scientific studies have occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s and, as such, are relatively new and the results are still debated in the medical community. Supporters and opponents of low-carbohydrate diets frequently cite many articles (some times the same articles) as supporting their positions. It is worth noting that one of the fundamental criticisms of those who advocate the low-carbohydrate diets has been the lack of long-term studies evaluating their health risks. Specific StudiesThe following is not a complete list of all relevant research but a selected list of articles demonstrating some of the breadth of scientific knowledge available on this subject. Journal of the American Medical Association: 2003Bravata et al., 2003[1] conducted a literature search study of low-carbohydrate diet studies conducted between 1966 and 2003. The paper stated the following conclusion.
Studies have shown that carbohydrate reduction did not significantly contribute more to weight loss than simply reducing calories. It is worth noting that the article does state that
Annals of Internal Medicine: 2004Two significant studies can be found in the Annals of Internal Medicine in 2004. Stern et al., 2004[2] conducted a one-year study of 132 obese adults. The conclusions state the following.
Meta-analytic summariesMeta-analysis is a method to succinctly summarize and combine the results from multiple individual studies. The following meta-analyses of low carbohydrate diets are limited to randomized controlled trials that directly compare low carbohydrate diets to other diets. Some of the studies listed above are randomized controlled trials and are included in these meta-analyses. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by the Cochrane Collaboration in 2002 concluded[3] that fat-restricted diets are no better than calorie restricted diets in achieving long term weight loss in overweight or obese people. A more recent meta-analysis that included randomized controlled trials published after the Cochrane review[4][5][6] found that "low-carbohydrate, non-energy-restricted diets appear to be at least as effective as low-fat, energy-restricted diets in inducing weight loss for up to 1 year. However, potential favorable changes in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values should be weighed against potential unfavorable changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values when low-carbohydrate diets to induce weight loss are considered."[7] Although studies from Stanford University and Duke University were not meta-analytic, their results favored the low-carbohydrate approach,[8][9] as opposed to the aforementioned study which questions which is better. Notes
Categories: Low-carb diets | Medical research |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Medical_research_related_to_low-carbohydrate_diets". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |