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Listeriosis
Listeriosis is a bacterial infection caused by a gram-positive, motile bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes.[1] Listeriosis is relatively rare and occurs primarily in newborn infants, elderly patients, and patients who are immunocompromised.[2] Additional recommended knowledge
EpidemiologyIncidence is 4.4 cases per million population. Pregnant women account for 30% of all cases.[3] Of all nonperinatal infections, 70% occur in immunocompromised patients. PathogenesisL monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment. The main route of acquisition of Listeria is through the ingestion of contaminated food products. Listeria has been isolated from raw meat, dairy products, vegetables, and seafood. Soft cheeses and unpasteurized milk are potential dangers, however post-pasteurization outbreaks of infection from dairy have been from pasteurized milk.[1] There are four distinct clinical syndromes:
Diagnosis and treatmentIn CNS infection cases, L. monocytogenes can often be cultured from the blood, and always cultured from the CSF. There are no reliable serological or stool tests. Bacteremia should be treated for 2 weeks, meningitis for 3 weeks, and brain abscess for at least 6 weeks. Ampicillin generally is considered antibiotic of choice; gentamicin is added frequently for its synergistic effects. Overall mortality rate is 20-30%; of all pregnancy-related cases, 22% resulted in fetal loss or neonatal death, but mothers usually survive.[citation needed] PreventionCook all raw food thoroughly. Wash raw vegetables. Avoid consumption of raw milk or raw milk products. Wash hands, knives, and cutting boards after handling uncooked foods. For pregnant or immunocompromised patients, avoid soft cheeses (eg.: feta, Brie, Camembert cheese, bleu); cream cheese, yogurt, and cottage cheese are considered safe. Reheat leftover or ready-to-eat foods (eg.: hot dogs) until steaming hot. Avoid delicatessen foods unless they are thoroughly reheated.[4] See alsoReferences
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Listeriosis". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |