List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: XI. Splanchnology

See also: Gray's Anatomy

Additional recommended knowledge

Correct Test Weight Handling Guide: 12 Practical Tips

Safe Weighing Range Ensures Accurate Results

Daily Sensitivity Test

the respiratory apparatus (Gray's s235)

Gray's page #1071

• Apparatus Respiratorius; Respiratory system
• Respiratory apparatus: development of:
• laryngo-tracheal tube
• lung buds
• arytenoid swellings
• furcula of His

the larynx (Gray's s236)

Gray's page #1072

• Larynx

Cartilages of the larynx (cartilagines laryngis)

Gray's page #1073

• Thyroid cartilage (cartilago thyreoidea)
  • laryngeal prominence (pomum Adami)
  • superior thyroid notch
  • oblique line

Gray's page #1074

• Thyroid cartilage (cartilago thyreoidea)
  • intrathyroid cartilage
• Cricoid cartilage (cartilago cricoidea)
  • posterior quadrate lamina (lamina cartilaginis cricoideæ; posterior portion)
  • arch (arcus cartilaginis cricoideæ; anterior portion)

Gray's page #1075

• Arytenoid cartilages (cartilagines arytænoideæ)
  • colliculus
  • crista arcuata
• Corniculate cartilages (cartilagines corniculatæ; cartilages of Santorini)
• Cuneiform cartilages (cartilagines cuneiformes; cartilages of Wrisberg)
• Epiglottis (cartilago epiglottica)
• glossoepiglottic folds
• valleculae

Ligaments

Gray's page #1076

• Extrinsic Ligaments
  • Hyothyroid membrane (membrana hyothyreoidea; thyrohyoid membrane)

Gray's page #1077

• Extrinsic Ligaments
  • middle hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum medium; middle thyrohyoid ligament)
  • Lateral hyothyroid ligament (ligamentum hyothyreoideum laterale; lateral thyrohyoid ligament)
  • hyoepiglottic ligament (ligamentum hyoepiglotticum)
  • Cricotracheal ligament (ligamentum cricotracheale)
• Intrinsic Ligaments
  • elastic membrane of the larynx

Gray's page #1078

• Intrinsic Ligaments
  • Conus elasticus (cricothyroid membrane)
  • anterior part or middle cricothyroid ligament (ligamentum cricothyreoideum medium; central part of cricothyroid membrane)
  • posterior cricoarytenoid ligament (ligamentum cricoarytenoideum posterius)
  • thyroepiglottic ligament (ligamentum thyreoepiglotticum)

Interior of the Larynx

Gray's page #1078

• cavity of the larynx (cavum laryngis)
  • rima glottidis
  • vestibule of larynx
  • ventricles of the larynx

Gray's page #1079

• entrance of the larynx
  • aryepiglottic fold
  • cuneiform tubercle
• Ventricular folds (plicœ ventriculares; superior or false vocal cords)
  • ventricular ligament
• Vocal folds (plicœ vocales; inferior or true vocal cords)
  • vocal ligaments (ligamenta vocales; inferior thyroarytenoid)

Gray's page #1080

• Ventricle of the larynx (ventriculus laryngis [Morgagnii]; laryngeal sinus)
  • appendix of the laryngeal ventricle (appendix ventriculi laryngis; laryngeal saccule)
• Rima glottidis

Muscles

Gray's page #1081

• Cricothyreoideus (Cricothyroid)

Gray's page #1082

• Cricoarytænoideus posterior (posterior cricoarytenoid)
• Cricoarytænoideus lateralis (lateral cricoarytenoid)
• Arytænoideus
  • Arytænoideus obliquus

Gray's page #1083

• Arytænoideus
  • Aryepiglotticus
  • Arytænoideus transversus
• Thyreoarytænoideus (Thyroarytenoid)
  • Vocalis
  • Thyreoepiglotticus
  • Ventricularis

Glands

Gray's page #1084

• arytenoid glands

the trachea and bronchi (Gray's s237)

Gray's page #1084

• trachea or windpipe

Gray's page #1085

• Right bronchus (bronchus dexter)
• eparterial branch
• hyparterial branch
• Left bronchus (bronchus sinister)

Gray's page #1086

• cartilages of the trachea

Gray's page #1087

• transverse fibers (Trachealis muscle)

the pleurae (Gray's s238)

Gray's page #1087

• pleura - by layer
  • pulmonary pleura
  • parietal pleura

Gray's page #1088

• pleura - by layer
  • pleural cavity
• pleura - by position
  • costal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • cupula of the pleura (cervical pleura)
  • mediastinal pleura
• Reflections of the Pleura
  • posterior mediastinum
  • pulmonary ligament

Gray's page #1089

• Reflections of the Pleura
  • pericardial pleura
  • Sibson's fascia
  • phrenicocostal sinus

Gray's page #1090

• Reflections of the Pleura
  • costomediastinal sinus
• Pulmonary ligament (ligamentum pulmonale; ligamentum latum pulmonis)

the mediastinum (Gray's s239)

Gray's page #1090

• Interpleural space
• mediastinum
• superior mediastinum

Gray's page #1092

• lower portion
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Middle mediastinum

Gray's page #1093

• lower portion
  • Posterior mediastinum

the lungs (Gray's s240)

Gray's page #1093

• Lungs (Pulmones)

Gray's page #1094

• Apex pulmonis
• Basis pulmonis
• Surfaces
  • costal surface (facies costalis; external or thoracic surface)

Gray's page #1095

• Surfaces
  • mediastinal surface (facies mediastinalis; inner surface)
    • cardiac impression
    • hilum of lung

Gray's page #1096

• Borders
  • inferior border of lung (margo inferior)
  • posterior border of lung (margo posterior)
  • anterior border of lung (margo anterior)
    • cardiac notch
• Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs
  • left lung
    • superior lobe
    • inferior lobe

Gray's page #1097

• Fissures and Lobes of the Lungs
  • right lung
    • superior lobe
    • middle lobe
    • inferior lobe
• Root of the lung (radix pulmonis)
• Divisions of the Bronchi
  • right bronchus
  • eparterial bronchus
  • hyparterial bronchi
  • left bronchus

Gray's page #1098

• Structure
  • intrapulmonary bronchi
  • lobular bronchioles
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • Atria of bronchi
  • alveolar sacs
  • alveoli or air sacs

Gray's page #1099

• Structure
  • alveoli

Gray's page #1100

• Vessels and Nerves
  • pulmonary artery
  • pulmonary capillaries
  • pulmonary veins
  • bronchial arteries
  • bronchial vein

the digestive apparatus (Gray's s241)

Gray's page #1100

• Digestive tube (alimentary canal)

Gray's page #1101

• Development of the Digestive tube
  • fore-gut
  • hind-gut

• Mouth
  • stomodeum

Gray's page #1102

• Mouth
  • primary labial groove
  • secondary labial groove
  • lateral swellings

• Salivary glands

• Tongue
  • tuberculum impar

Gray's page #1103

• Tongue
  • furcula
  • copula
  • foramen cecum

• Palatine tonsils

• Further Development of the Digestive tube
  • yolk-stalk or vitelline duct
  • ventral mesogastrium
  • posterior common mesentery
  • dorsal mesogastrium

Gray's page #1104

• Further Development of the Digestive tube
  • mesocolon

Gray's page #1106

• Further Development of the Digestive tube
  • bursa omentalis
  • foramen epiploicum or foramen of Winslow

Gray's page #1107

• Further Development of the Digestive tube
  • ventral mesogastrium

Gray's page #1108

• Rectum and Anal canal

Gray's page #1109

• The Rectum and Anal Canal
  • entodermal cloaca
  • cloacal membrane
  • ectodermal cloaca
  • urorectal septum
  • cloacal duct

Gray's page #1110

• The Rectum and Anal Canal
  • proctodeum
  • anal membrane
  • post-anal gut

the mouth (Gray's s242)

Gray's page #1110

• cavity of the mouth
• vestibule (vestibulum oris)
• rima
• Mouth cavity proper (cavum oris proprium)
• isthmus faucium
• mucous membrane

Gray's page #1111

• Lips (labia oris)
• frenulum
• Labial glands (glandulœ labiales)

Gray's page #1112

• Cheeks (buccæ)
• mucous membrane
• molar glands
• Gums (gingivœ)
• Palate (palatum)
• Hard palate (palatum durum)
• Soft palate (palatum molle)
• palatine velum
• palatine uvula
• pillars of the fauces

Teeth (dentes)

Gray's page #1112

• deciduous teeth

Gray's page #1113

• permanent teeth

Gray's page #1114

• General characteristics of teeth
  • crown
  • root
  • neck
  • surfaces of a tooth
    • buccal surface
    • lingual surface
    • surfaces of contact
  • dental arches

Gray's page #1115

• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)

Gray's page #1116

• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Incisors (dentes incisivi; incisive or cutting teeth)
    • crown
    • basal ridge (Cingulum)
  • Canine teeth (dentes canini)

Gray's page #1117

• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Canine teeth (dentes canini)
    • upper canine teeth (eye teeth)
    • lower canine teeth (stomach teeth)

Gray's page #1118

• Permanent teeth (dentes permanentes)
  • Premolars or Bicuspid teeth (dentes præmolares)
  • Molar teeth (dentes molares)
    • multicuspids
    • dens serotinus or wisdom-tooth
  • Deciduous teeth (dentes decidui; temporary or milk teeth)
• Structure of the teeth
  • pulp cavity
  • dental pulp
  • odontoblasts of Waldeyer

Gray's page #1119

• Structure of the teeth
  • enamel
  • cement (crusta petrosa)
  • dentin (substantia eburnea; ivory)
  • dental canaliculi (dentinal tubules)
    • dentinal sheath of Neumann
    • Tomes' fibers or dentinal fibers

Gray's page #1120

• Structure of the teeth
  • matrix (intertubular dentin)
    • incremental lines of Salter
    • interglobular spaces
    • granular layer
    • lines of Schreger
  • enamel (substantia adamantina)
    • enamel fibers or enamel prisms (prismata adamantina)
    • parallel striae (colored lines of Retzius)
  • crusta petrosa or cement (substantia ossea)

Gray's page #1122

• Development of the deciduous teeth
  • labiodental lamina
  • dental lamina
  • common dental germ
  • dental furrow
  • special dental germs

Gray's page #1123

• Development of the deciduous teeth
  • enamel cells (adamantoblasts)
  • external enamel epithelium
  • enamel organ
  • Formation of the Enamel
    • enamel droplet
    • cuticula dentis (Nasmyth's membrane)
  • Formation of the Dentin
    • dental sac
    • odontoblasts
    • prodentin
    • dentinal fibers (Tomes' fibers)

Gray's page #1124

• Development of the deciduous teeth
  • Formation of the Cement
    • epithelial sheath
  • Formation of the Alveoli
    • gubernaculum dentis
• Development of the Permanent teeth
  • successional permanent teeth
  • superadded permanent teeth

Tongue (lingua)

Gray's page #1125

• Root (radix linguae base)
• Apex (apex linguae tip)
• Inferior Surface (facies inferior linguae under surface)
  • frenulum linguæ
  • plica fimbriata
• Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ)
  • median sulcus
  • foramen cecum
  • sulcus terminalis

Gray's page #1126

• Dorsum of the tongue (dorsum linguæ)
  • lingual tonsil
• Papillae of the tongue
  • papillae vallatae (circumvallate papillae)
  • papillae fungiformes (fungiform papillae)

Gray's page #1127

• Papillae of the tongue
  • papillae filiformes (filiform papillae)

Gray's page #1128

• Papillae of the tongue
  • papillae conicae (conical papilae)
  • papillae simplices

Gray's page #1129

• Extrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Genioglossus (Geniohyoglossus)
  • Hyoglossus

Gray's page #1130

• Extrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Chondroglossus
  • Styloglossus
• intrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Longitudinalis linguæ superior (Superior lingualis)
  • Longitudinalis linguæ inferior (Inferior lingualis)
  • Transversus linguæ (Transverse lingualis)

Gray's page #1131

• intrinsic muscles of tongue
  • Verticalis linguæ (Vertical lingualis)
• Structure of the Tongue
  • mucous membrane (tunica mucosa linguae)
  • lingual tonsil
  • papillae
  • mucosa
  • corium
• Glands of the tongue
  • mucous glands
  • serous glands

Gray's page #1132

• Septum of tongue
• hyoglossal membrane
• Taste-buds
  • papilla foliata
• Vessels and Nerves
  • lingual branch of the external carotid artery, external maxillary artery and ascending pharyngeal artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • sensory nerves of the tongue
    • lingual branch of the mandibular nerve
    • chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve
    • lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
    • superior laryngeal nerve

Salivary glands

Gray's page #1132

• Salivary glands
• Parotid gland (glandula parotis)

Gray's page #1134

• Parotid gland (glandula parotis)
  • accessory part (socia parotidis)
  • parotid duct (ductus parotideus; Stensen's duct)

Gray's page #1135

• Submaxillary gland (glandula submaxillaris)
  • submaxillary duct (ductus submaxillaris; Wharton's duct)

Gray's page #1136

• Sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis)
  • smaller sublingual ducts (ducts of Rivinus)
  • plica sublingualis
  • larger sublingual duct (duct of Bartholin)
• Structure of the Salivary Glands
  • mucous alveoli
  • crescents of Gianuzzi
  • demilunes of Heidenhain
  • serous alveoli

Gray's page #1137

• Structure of the Salivary Glands
  • Langley's ganglion
• accessory glands

the fauces (Gray's s243)

Gray's page #1137

• isthmus faucium
• glossopalatine arch (arcus glossopalatinus; anterior pillar of fauces)
• pharyngopalatine arch (arcus pharyngopalatinus; posterior pillar of fauces)
• Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)

Gray's page #1138

• Palatine tonsils (tonsillae palatinae tonsil)
  • supratonsillar fossa
  • plica semilunaris
  • plica triangularis
  • tonsillar sinus
  • medial surface of the tonsil
  • lateral or deep surface of the tonsil
  • lingual tonsil

Gray's page #1139

• palatine aponeurosis

• Muscles of the palate
  • Levator veli palatini (Levator palati)
  • Tensor veli palatini (Tensor palati)
  • Musculus uvulae (Azygos uvulae)
  • Glossopalatinus (Palatoglossus)
  • Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus)

Gray's page #1140

• Muscles of the palate
  • Pharyngopalatinus (Palatopharyngeus)
    • posterior fasciculus
    • anterior fasciculus

Gray's page #1141

• mucous membrane of the soft palate

the pharynx (Gray's s244)

Gray's page #1141

• pharynx
• pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller)
• Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx)
  • pharyngeal ostium of the auditory tube
  • torus or cushion

Gray's page #1142

• Nasal part of the pharynx (pars nasalis pharyngis; nasopharynx)
  • salpingopharyngeal fold
  • salpingopalatine fold
  • pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller)
  • pharyngeal tonsil
  • pharyngeal bursa
• Oral part of the pharynx (pars oralis pharyngis)
  • palatine tonsil
• Laryngeal part of the pharynx (pars laryngea pharyngis)
  • sinus piriformis
• Muscles of the pharynx
  • Constrictor pharyngis inferior (Inferior constrictor)

Gray's page #1143

• Muscles of the pharynx
  • Constrictor pharyngis medius (Middle constrictor)
  • Constrictor pharyngis superior (Superior constrictor)
    • sinus of Morgagni
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
• Structure
  • pharyngeal aponeurosis, or fibrous coat
  • mucous coat

the esophagus (Gray's s245)

Gray's page #1144

• Esophagus or Gullet

Gray's page #1145

• Relations
  • cervical portion of the esophagus
  • thoracic portion of the esophagus

Gray's page #1146

• Relations
  • abdominal portion of the esophagus
    • antrum cardiacum
• Structure
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • areolar or submucous coat (tela submucosa)
  • mucous coat (tunica mucosa)
    • muscularis mucosae
• esophageal glands (glandulae aesophageæ)

the abdomen (Gray's s246)

Gray's page #1147

• abdomen
• diaphragm of the pelvis
• abdomen proper
• Apertures in the Walls of the Abdomen
  • umbilical
  • vena caval opening
  • aortic hiatus
  • esophageal hiatus
• Regions of the abdomen
  • Transpyloric plane
  • intertubercular plane

Gray's page #1148

• Regions of the abdomen
  • hypogastric zones

Gray's page #1149

• Regions of the abdomen
  • epigastric region
  • right and left hypochondriac region
  • umbilical region
  • hypogastric or pubic region
  • right and left iliac or inguinal region
• pelvis
• greater omentum
• Peritoneum (Tunica serosa)

Gray's page #1150

• Peritoneum (Tunica serosa)
  • visceral peritoneum
  • parietal peritoneum
  • subserous areolar tissue
  • peritoneal cavity
    • omental bursa
    • epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow)

Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)

Gray's page #1150

• Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
  • ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
  • falciform ligament of the liver
  • superior layer of the coronary ligament
  • superior layer of the left triangular ligament
  • inferior layer of the coronary ligament
  • hepatorenal ligament
  • bare area of the liver

Gray's page #1151

• Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
  • right triangular ligament
  • inferior layer of the left triangular ligament
  • hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament
  • lesser omentum
  • gastrocolic ligament or greater omentum
  • transverse mesocolon
  • mesentery
  • sigmoid mesocolon

Gray's page #1152

• Vertical Disposition of the Main peritoneal cavity (greater sac)
  • rectovesical excavation
  • rectouterine excavation (pouch of Douglas)
  • vesicouterine excavation
  • broad ligaments of the uterus

Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

Gray's page #1152

• Vertical Disposition of the Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)

Gray's page #1153

• Vertical Disposition of the Omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac)
  • gastrocolic ligament or greater omentum
• Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
  • In the Pelvis
    • sigmoid mesocolon

Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum

Gray's page #1154

• Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
  • In the Pelvis
    • sigmoid mesocolon
    • pararectal fossa
    • rectovesical or sacrogenital folds
    • paravesical fossa
    • plica vesicalis transversa
    • torus uterinus
    • ovarian fossa

Gray's page #1155

• Horizontal Disposition of the Peritoneum
  • In the Lower Abdomen
    • mesentery
  • In the Upper Abdomen
    • phrenicolienal ligament
    • gastrolienal ligament
    • Omental bursa (bursa omentalis; lesser peritoneal sac)

Gray's page #1156

• epiploic foramen (foramen epiploicum; foramen of Winslow)
• omental bursa
  • vestibule
  • gastropancreatic fold
  • superior omental recess
  • lienal recess
  • inferior omental recess
• omenta
  • lesser omentum (omentum minus; small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum)

Gray's page #1157

• omenta
  • lesser omentum (omentum minus; small omentum; gastrohepatic omentum)
    • hepatogastric ligament
    • hepatoduodenal ligament
    • fibrous capsule (Glisson’s capsule)
  • greater omentum (omentum majus; great omentum; gastrocolic omentum)
• mesenteries
  • mesentery proper (mesenterium)
    • root of the mesentery
  • transverse mesocolon (mesocolon transversum)
  • sigmoid mesocolon (mesocolon sigmoideum)

Gray's page #1158

• phrenicocolic ligament
• sustentaculum lienis
• appendices epiploicæ

Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)

Gray's page #1158

• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)

Gray's page #1159

• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
  • Duodenal fossæ
    • inferior duodenal fossa
    • duodenomesocolic fold
    • superior duodenal fossa
    • duodenojejunal fold
    • duodenojejunal fossa

Gray's page #1160

• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
  • Cecal fossæ (pericecal folds or fossæ)
    • superior ileocecal fossa
    • inferior ileocecal fossa
    • ileocecal fold of peritoneum (bloodless fold of Treves)
    • cecal fossa

Gray's page #1161

• Peritoneal recesses or Fossæ (retroperitoneal fossæ)
  • Cecal fossæ (pericecal folds or fossæ)
    • retrocecal fossæ
  • intersigmoid fossa (recessus intersigmoideus)

the stomach (Gray's s247)

Gray's page #1161

• stomach
• Openings
  • cardiac orifice

Gray's page #1162

• Openings
  • cardiac orifice
    • incisura cardiaca
  • pyloric orifice
    • duodenopyloric constriction
• Curvatures
  • lesser curvature (curvatura ventriculi minor)
    • incisura angularis
  • greater curvature (curvatura ventriculi major)
    • pyloric part
    • sulcus intermedius
    • pyloric antrum
• Surfaces
  • Antero-superior surface
  • Postero-inferior surface
    • stomach bed
    • gastrophrenic ligament

Gray's page #1163

• Component Parts of the Stomach
  • pyloric portion
  • fundus
  • pyloric antrum

Gray's page #1164

• Component Parts of the Stomach
  • pyloric valve (valvula pylori)
• Structure (layers)
  • serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • longitudinal fibers (stratum longitudinale)

Gray's page #1165

• Structure (layers)
  • circular fibers (stratum circulare)

Gray's page #1166

• Structure (layers)
  • oblique fibers (fibræ obliquæ)
  • areolar or submucous coat (tela submucosa)
  • mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)
• Gastric glands
  • pyloric glands
  • cardiac glands
  • fundus glands

Gray's page #1167

• Gastric glands
  • chief cells or central cells
  • parietal cells or oxyntic cells
  • lenticular glands

the small intestine (Gray's s248)

Gray's page #1168

• small intestine
• Duodenum

Gray's page #1169

• Duodenum
  • superior portion (pars superior; first portion)
  • descending portion (pars descendens; second portion)

Gray's page #1170

• Duodenum
  • horizontal portion (pars horizontalis; third or preaortic or transverse portion)
  • ascending portion (pars ascendens; fourth portion)
    • duodenojejunal flexure
• Jejunum (intestinum jejunum)
  • circular folds (valvulæ conniventes)

Gray's page #1171

• Ileum (intestinum ileum)
  • mesentery

Gray's page #1172

• Meckel's diverticulum (diverticulum ilei)

Gray's page #1173

• structures of the small intestines
  • circular folds (plicæ circulares [Kerkringi]; valvulæ conniventes; valves of Kerkring)

Gray's page #1174

• structures of the small intestines
  • intestinal villi (villi intestinales)
  • intestinal glands (glandulæ intestinales; crypts of Lieberkühn)

Gray's page #1176

• structures of the small intestines
  • duodenal glands (glandulæ duodenales; Brunner's glands)
  • solitary lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatici solitarii; solitary glands)
  • aggregated lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatici aggregati; Peyer's patches; Peyer's glands; agminated follicles; tonsillæ intestinales)

Gray's page #1177

• nerves of the small intestines
  • myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus)
  • plexus of the submucosa (Meissner's plexus)

the large intestine (Gray's s249)

Gray's page #1177

• large intestine (Intestinum Crassum)
• Cecum (intestinum cæcum)
  • caput cæcum coli

Gray's page #1178

• Vermiform process or Appendix (processus vermiformis)

Gray's page #1179

• Colic valve (valvula coli; ileocecal valve)
  • frenula of the valve

Gray's page #1180

• Colon
• Ascending colon (colon ascendens)
  • colic impression
  • right colic flexure or hepatic flexure
• Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  • left colic flexure or splenic flexure

Gray's page #1181

• Transverse colon (colon transversum)
  • transverse mesocolon
  • left colic or splenic flexure
  • phrenicocolic ligament
• Descending colon (colon descendens)

Gray's page #1182

• Descending colon (colon descendens)
  • Iliac colon
• Sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum; pelvic colon; sigmoid flexure)
  • sigmoid mesocolon

Gray's page #1183

• Rectum (intestinum rectum)
  • rectal ampulla
  • Houston's valves

Gray's page #1184

• Anal canal (pars analis recti)

Gray's page #1185

• Anal canal (pars analis recti)
  • anococcygeal body
  • perineal body
  • rectal columns
  • rectal sinuses
  • anal valves
• Structure of the colon

Gray's page #1186

• Structure of the colon
  • appendices epiploicæ
  • longitudinal bands or tæniæ
  • Rectococcygeal muscles

Gray's page #1187

• Structure of the colon
  • solitary lymphatic nodules (noduli lymphatic solitarii)
• Vessels and Nerves
  • hemorrhoidal plexus
• Congenital hernia

the liver (Gray's s250)

Gray's page #1188

• Liver (Hepar)
• bile

Surfaces of liver

Gray's page #1189

• superior surface (facies superior)
• inferior surface (facies inferior; visceral surface)
  • gastric impression
  • tuber omentale
  • quadrate lobe
  • colic impression
  • renal impression

Gray's page #1190

• inferior surface (facies inferior; visceral surface)
  • duodenal impression
  • caudate process
• posterior surface (facies posterior)

Gray's page #1191

• posterior surface (facies posterior)
  • suprarenal impression
  • caudate lobe
  • caudate process
  • papillary process
• anterior border (margo anterior)
  • umbilical notch
  • left extremity of the liver

Fossæ

Gray's page #1191

• left sagittal fossa (fossa sagittalis sinistra; longitudinal fissure)
• fossa for the umbilical vein
• pons hepatis
• fossa for the ductus venosus
• ligamentum venosum
• porta or transverse fissure (porta hepatis)
• fossa for the gall-bladder (fossa vesicæ felleæ)
• fossa for the inferior vena cava (fossa venæ cavæ)

Lobes

Gray's page #1191

• right lobe (lobus hepatis dexter)

Gray's page #1192

• quadrate lobe (lobus quadratus)
• caudate lobe (lobus caudatus; Spigelian lobe)
• caudate process
• left lobe (lobus hepatis sinister)

Ligaments

Gray's page #1192

• falciform ligament (ligamentum falciforme hepatis)
• coronary ligament (ligamentum coronarium hepatis)
• hepatorenal ligament
• right triangular ligament (ligamentum triangulare dextrum)

Gray's page #1193

• left triangular ligament (ligamentum triangulare sinistrum)
• round ligament (ligamentum teres hepatis)
• septum transversum

Development of liver

Gray's page #1193

• hepatic cylinders
• sinusoids

Vessels and Nerves

Gray's page #1194

• hepatic artery
• portal vein
• fibrous capsule of Glisson
• hepatic veins
• lymphatic vessels

Structure of the Liver

Gray's page #1195

• serous coat (tunica serosa)
• fibrous coat (capsula fibrosa; areolar coat)
• lobules (lobuli hepatis)
• interlobular plexus

Microscopic Appearance

Gray's page #1196

• intralobular vein
• sublobular veins
• hepatic artery
• vaginal branches
• capsular branches
• interlobular branches
• portal vein
• interlobular plexus

Gray's page #1197

• intralobular vein
• sublobular vein
• bile ducts
• intercellular biliary passages (bile capillaries)

Excretory Apparatus of the Liver

Gray's page #1197

• hepatic duct (ductus hepaticus)
• gallbladder (vesica fellea)
  • fundus

Gray's page #1198

• gallbladder (vesica fellea)
  • Structure of gallbladder
    • external or serous coat (tunica serosa vesicæ felleæ)
    • fibromuscular coat (tunica muscularis vesicæ felleæ)
    • internal or mucous coat (tunica mucosa vesicæ felleæ)
• Cystic duct (ductus cysticus)
• Common bile duct (ductus choledochus)

Gray's page #1199

• ampulla of Vater

the pancreas (Gray's s251)

Gray's page #1199

• pancreas
• pancreatic juice

Gray's page #1200

• Relations
• Head of pancreas
  • uncinate process

Gray's page #1201

• Head of pancreas
  • Anterior surface of pancreas
  • Posterior surface of pancreas
• Neck of pancreas
• Body of pancreas (corpus pancreatis)
  • anterior surface of pancreas (facies anterior)
    • tuber omentale
  • posterior surface of pancreas (facies posterior)
  • inferior surface of pancreas (facies inferior)
  • superior border (margo superior)
  • anterior border (margo anterior)
  • inferior border (margo inferior)
• Tail of pancreas (cauda pancreatis)

Gray's page #1202

• Pancreatic duct (ductus pancreaticus; duct of Wirsung)
  • accessory pancreatic duct (duct of Santorini)
• Development

Gray's page #1203

• Development
  • accessory pancreatic duct
  • pancreatic duct
• Structure

Gray's page #1204

• Structure
  • centroacinar cells of Langerhans
  • paranucleus
  • interalveolar cell islets (islands of Langerhans)
• Vessels and Nerves

the urogenital apparatus

development of the urinary and generative organs (Gray's s252)

Gray's page #1204

• urinary organs
• genital organs

Gray's page #1205

• The Pronephros and Wolffian Duct
  • pronephric duct
  • Wolffian duct
  • pronephros

• The Mesonephros, Müllerian Duct, and Genital Gland
  • Wolffian tubules
  • mesonephros (Wolffian body)

Gray's page #1206

• The Mesonephros, Müllerian Duct, and Genital Gland
  • urogenital fold
  • epoöphoron or organ of Rosenmüller
  • paroöphoron
  • duct of Gärtner

• Müllerian ducts

Gray's page #1207

• Müllerian ducts
  • genital cord
  • Müllerian eminence
  • appendices testis (hydatids of Morgagni)

• Genital glands
  • genital ridge
  • mesorchium or mesovarium

• Ovary
  • germinal epithelium
  • primitive ova
  • genital cords

Gray's page #1210

• Ovary
  • germinal path

• Testis
• Descent of the Testes
  • mesorchium
  • inguinal fold
  • inguinal crest

Gray's page #1211

• Descent of the Testes
  • gubernaculum testis
  • plica vascularis
  • plica gubernatrix
  • saccus vaginalis
  • tunica vaginalis

• Descent of the Ovaries
  • canal of Nuck

• The Metanephros and the Permanent Kidney
• Metanephros

Gray's page #1212

• Urinary bladder
  • vesico-urethral portion
  • pelvic portion

Gray's page #1213

• Urinary bladder
  • phallic portion
  • urogenital sinus
  • medial umbilical ligament (urachus)

• Prostate
  • Skene's ducts
  • bulbo-urethral glands of Cowper
  • greater vestibular glands of Bartholin

• External organs of generation
  • cloacal tubercle
  • phallus
  • genital tubercle

Gray's page #1214

• External organs of generation
  • genital swellings
  • corpora cavernosa

Gray's page #1215

• External organs of generation
  • prepuce

• Urethra
  • urethral plate
  • primitive urogenital ostium

the urinary organs

the kidneys (Gray's s253)

Gray's page #1215

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra
• kidneys

• Relations
  • anterior surface (facies anterior)

Gray's page #1217

• Relations
  • Posterior surface (facies posterior)

Gray's page #1218

• Borders
• lateral border (margo lateralis; external border)

Gray's page #1219

• Borders
• medial border (margo medialis; internal border)
  • hilum

• Extremities
  • superior extremity (extremitas superior)
  • inferior extremity (extremitas inferior)

Gray's page #1220

• Fixation of the Kidney
  • adipose capsule (Renal capsule)
  • renal fascia
  • paranephric body

Gray's page #1221

• General Structure of the Kidney
  • renal sinus
  • renal calyces
  • renal pelvis
  • medullary substance (substantia medullaris) (Renal medulla)
  • renal pyramids
  • cortical substance (substantia corticalis) (Renal cortex)
  • renal columns
  • cortical arches

• Minute Anatomy
  • renal tubules
  • renal corpuscles
  • glomerulus
  • afferent vessel
  • efferent vessel

Gray's page #1222

• Minute Anatomy
• glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule)

Gray's page #1223

• Minute Anatomy
  • renal tubules
  • proximal convoluted tube
  • spiral tube
  • descending limb of Henle's loop
  • loop of Henle
  • ascending limb of Henle’s loop
  • zigzag tubule
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • junctional tube
  • straight tubes or collecting tubes
  • duct of Bellini

• The Renal Bloodvessels
  • inferior renal artery
  • arteriae propriae renales
  • interlobular arteries
  • end-arteries

Gray's page #1224

• The Renal Bloodvessels
  • arteriæ rectæ (vasa recta)
  • venae stellatae
  • interlobular veins

Gray's page #1225

• The Renal Bloodvessels
  • venae rectae
  • venae propriae renales
  • renal vein
  • lymphatics

the ureters (Gray's s254)

Gray's page #1225

• ureters
• calyces
• renal pelvis

Gray's page #1226

• Ureter proper
• abdominal part (pars abdominalis)
• pelvic part (pars pelvina)
• ovarian fossa

Gray's page #1227

• Structure
  • fibrous coat (tunica adventitia)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • mucous coat (tunica mucosa)

the urinary bladder (Gray's s255)

Gray's page #1227

• urinary bladder
• Empty bladder
  • fundus
  • vertex
  • superior surface
  • paravesical fossa

Gray's page #1228

• Empty bladder
  • inferior surface
  • retropubic pad
• Distended bladder

Gray's page #1229

• Distended bladder
  • postero-superior surface
  • antero-inferior surface
  • fundus
  • summit
• Bladder in the Child

Gray's page #1230

• Female bladder

Gray's page #1231

• Ligaments
  • Pubovesicales
  • Rectovesicales
  • middle umbilical ligament
  • false ligaments of the bladder
  • middle umbilical fold
  • lateral umbilical folds
• Interior of the Bladder
  • trigonum vesicae

Gray's page #1232

• Interior of the Bladder
  • torus uretericus
  • plicæ uretericæ
  • orifices of the ureters
  • internal urethral orifice
  • uvula vesicae
• Structure of the Bladder
  • serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)

Gray's page #1233

• Structure of the Bladder
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
    • Detrusor urinae muscle
    • Sphincter vesicae
    • muscles of the ureters
  • submucous coat (tela submucosa)
  • mucous coat (tunica mucosa)

the male urethra (Gray's s256)

Gray's page #1234

• male urethra
• prostatic portion (pars prostatica)
  • urethral crest
  • prostatic sinus
  • orifices of the prostatic ducts
  • colliculus seminalis
  • prostatic utricle (sinus pocularis)

Gray's page #1235

• prostatic portion (pars prostatica)
  • uterus masculinus
• membranous portion (pars membranacea)
• cavernous portion (pars cavernosa; penile or spongy portion)
  • fossa navicularis urethrae
• external urethral orifice (orificium urethrae externum; meatus urinarius)
• lining membrane of the urethra
  • urethral glands
  • lacunae
    • lacuna magna
• Structure
  • mucous coat
  • submucous tissue
• Congenital defects

the female urethra (Gray's s257)

Gray's page #1236

• female urethra
• urethral crest

the male genital organs

the testes and their coverings (Gray's s258)

Gray's page #1236

• Testes

Gray's page #1237

• Scrotum
  • Raphé of scrotum
  • integument

Gray's page #1238

• Scrotum
  • Dartos tunic
• Intercrural fascia (intercolumnar or external spermatic fascia)
• Cremaster

Gray's page #1239

• Infundibuliform fascia (tunica vaginalis communis)
• Tunica vaginalis
• Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis)
• Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
  • internal spermatic artery

Gray's page #1240

• • external spermatic artery
  • artery of the ductus deferens

• Spermatic cord (funiculus spermaticus)
  • spermatic veins
  • plexus pampiniformis
• Testes

Gray's page #1242

• epididymis
  • duct of the testis
  • sinus of the epididymis (digital fossa)
• Appendages of the Testis and Epididymis
  • appendix of the testis (hydatid of Morgagni)
  • appendix of the epididymis (pedunculated hydatid)
• tunics
  • Tunica vaginalis (tunica vaginalis propria testis)
    • visceral lamina (lamina visceralis)
    • parietal lamina (lamina parietalis)
  • Tunica albuginea

Gray's page #1243

• tunics
  • Tunica albuginea
    • mediastinum testis (corpus Highmori)
  • Tunica vasculosa
• Structure
  • lobules of testis
  • tubuli seminiferi
  • interstitial cells
  • spermatozoa
    • spermatogonia
    • intermediate cells or spermatocytes
    • spermatoblasts or spermatids
    • spermatozoön
  • supporting cells (cells of Sertoli)

Gray's page #1244

• Structure
  • tubuli recti
  • rete testis
  • ductuli efferentes
  • coni vasculosi

the ductus deferens (Gray's s259)

Gray's page #1245

• ductus deferens

Gray's page #1246

• ampulla of ductus deferens

• Ductuli aberrantes
  • ductulus aberrans inferior (vas aberrans of Haller)
  • ductulus aberrans superior

• Paradidymis (organ of Giraldés)

the vesiculæ seminales (Gray's s260)

• Excretory duct of seminal gland

the ejaculatory ducts (Gray's s261)

Gray's page #1246

• vesiculæ seminales

Gray's page #1247

• ejaculatory ducts

the penis (Gray's s262)

Gray's page #1247

• Penis

Gray's page #1248

• Corpora cavernosa penis
  • crura
  • bulb of the corpus cavernosum penis
  • septum of the penis
  • septum pectiniforme
• Corpus cavernosum urethræ (corpus spongiosum)
  • glans penis

Gray's page #1249

• Corpus cavernosum urethræ (corpus spongiosum)
  • corona glandis
  • retroglandular sulcus
• root (radix penis)
  • fundiform ligament
  • suspensory ligament
• body (corpus penis)

Gray's page #1250

• extremity
• integument
  • prepuce or foreskin
  • frenulum
  • preputial glands
  • preputial sac
• Structure of the Penis
  • trabeculae
    • trabeculae of corpora cavernosa of penis
    • trabeculae of corpus spongiosum of penis (listed as corpus cavernosum urethrae)

Gray's page #1251

• Vessels and Nerves
  • helicine arteries

the prostate (Gray's s263)

Gray's page #1251

• prostate

Gray's page #1252

• base (basis prostatae)
• apex (apex prostatae)
• Surfaces
  • posterior surface (facies posterior)
    • middle lobe
    • left lateral lobe
    • isthmus
  • anterior surface (facies anterior)
  • lateral surfaces

Gray's page #1253

• • Levatores prostatae

• Structure
  • muscular tissue
  • glandular substance
    • prostatic ducts
    • amyloid bodies

• Vessels and Nerves

the bulbourethral glands (Gray's s264)

Gray's page #1253

• Glandulæ bulbourethrales; Cowper's glands

the female genital organs (Gray's s265)

Gray's page #1254

• internal female genital organs
  • ovaries
  • uterine tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina
• external female genital organs
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora et minora pudendi
  • clitoris
  • bulbus vestibuli
  • greater vestibular glands

the ovaries (Gray's s266)

Gray's page #1254

• ovaries
• ovarian fossa
• suspensory ligament of the ovary
• ligament of the ovary

Gray's page #1255

• mesovarium

• Epoöphoron (parovarium; organ of Rosenmüller)
  • ductuli transversi
  • ductus longitudinalis epoöphori (duct of Gärtner)

• Paroöphoron

• Structure
  • germinal epithelium of Waldeyer

Gray's page #1256

• Structure
  • stroma
  • tunica albuginea

• Vesicular ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles)
  • medullary substance (zona vasculosa of Waldeyer)
  • membrana granulosa
  • discus proligerus

• Discharge of the Ovum

• Corpus luteum

• Vessels and Nerves
  • pampiniform plexus

the uterine tube (Gray's s267)

Gray's page #1257

• Tuba uterina; Fallopian tube; Oviduct
• uterine tubes
• isthmus
• ampulla
• infundibulum
• abdominal ostium
• fimbriae
• ovarian fimbria
• appendices vesiculosae (hydatids of Morgagni)

the uterus (Gray's s268)

Gray's page #1258

• Uterus (Womb)

Gray's page #1259

• internal orifice of the uterus
• Body (corpus uteri)
  • vesical or anterior surface (facies vesicalis)
  • intestinal or posterior surface (facies intestinalis)
  • fundus (fundus uteri)
  • lateral margins (margo lateralis)
    • broad ligament
• Cervix (cervix uteri; neck)
  • supravaginal portion (portio supravaginalis cervicis)
    • parametrium

Gray's page #1260

• Cervix (cervix uteri; neck)
  • vaginal portion (portio vaginalis cervicis)
    • external orifice of the uterus
• Interior of the Uterus
  • Cavity of the body (cavum uteri)
  • Canal of the cervix (canalis cervicis uteri)
    • palmate folds
    • arbor vitae uterina
• ligaments of the uterus
  • anterior ligament
  • posterior ligament
    • rectouterine excavation
    • sacrogenital folds or rectouterine folds
    • uterosacral ligaments
  • two lateral or broad ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri)

Gray's page #1261

• ligaments of the uterus
  • two lateral or broad ligaments (ligamentum latum uteri)
    • mesosalpinx
    • infundibulopelvic ligament
  • round ligaments (ligamentum teres uteri)
    • canal of Nuck
  • ligamentum transversalis colli

Gray's page #1262

• structure of uterus
  • serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • muscular coat (tunica muscularis)
  • mucous membrane (tunica mucosa)
    • uterine glands
    • ovula Nabothi

Gray's page #1263

• nerves of uterus

the vagina (Gray's s269)

Gray's page #1264

• vagina
• posterior fornix
• columns of the vagina
• Bulbocavernosus
• erectile tissue

the external genital organs (Gray's s270)

Gray's page #1264

• pudendum or vulva

Gray's page #1265

• Mons pubis (commissura labiorum anterior; mons Veneris)

• Labia majora (labia majora pudendi)
  • pudendal cleft or rima
  • anterior labial commissure
  • posterior labial commissure
  • perineum

• Labia minora (labia minora pudendi; nymphæ)
  • frenulum of the labia or fourchette

Gray's page #1266

• Labia minora (labia minora pudendi; nymphæ)
  • preputium clitoridis
  • frenulum of the clitoris

• Clitoris
  • free extremity (glans clitoridis)

• Vestibule (vestibulum vaginæ)
  • vestibule of the vagina (vestibulum vaginæ)
  • external urethral orifice (orificium urethræ externum; urinary meatus)
  • vaginal orifice
  • hymen
  • imperforate hymen
  • carunculae hymenales
  • navicular fossa

• Bulb of the vestibule (bulbus vestibuli; vaginal bulb)
  • pars intermedia

• Greater vestibular glands (glandulæ vestibularis major [Bartholini]; Bartholin's glands)

the mammæ (Gray's s271)

Gray's page #1267

• Mammary gland; Breasts
• mammæ
• Mammary papilla or Nipple (papilla mammæ)
• areola
• areolar glands

Gray's page #1268

• tubuli lactiferi
• ampullæ
• colostrum corpuscles
• circulus venosus

the ductless glands

the thyroid gland (Gray's s272)

Gray's page #1269

• Thyroid gland (Glandula Thyreiodea; Thyroid body)
• lobes of thyroid gland (lobuli gl. thyreoideæ)

Gray's page #1270

• thyroid isthmus (isthmus gl. thyreoidea)
• pyramidal lobe
• Levator glandulæ thyreoideæ
• accessory thyroid glands (glandulæ thyreoideæ accessoriæ)
• thyroglossal duct

the parathyroid glands (Gray's s273)

Gray's page #1271

• parathyroid glands

Gray's page #1272

• ultimo-branchial bodies

the thymus (Gray's s274)

Gray's page #1273

• thymus

Gray's page #1274

• corpuscles of Hassall

the hypophysis cerebri (Gray's s275)

Gray's page #1275

• hypophysis (pituitary body)

Gray's page #1276

• Development of the Hypophysis cerebri

Gray's page #1277

• pouch of Rathke
• craniopharyngeal canal

the pineal body (Gray's s276)

Gray's page #1277

• pineal body (epiphysis)

the chromaphil and cortical systems (Gray's s277)

Gray's page #1277

• Chromaphil or chromaffin cells

Gray's page #1278

• paraganglia
• aortic glands or aortic bodies

• Suprarenal glands (Glandulæ Suprarenalis; Adrenal capsule)

• Development

• Relations
  • right suprarenal
  • hilum

Gray's page #1279

• Relations
  • left suprarenal
  • accessory suprarenals (glandulæ suprarenales accessoriæ)

Gray's page #1280

• Structure
  • cortical portion (substantia corticalis)
    • zona glomerulosa
    • zona fasciculata
    • zona reticularis
  • medullary portion (substantia medullaris)

Gray's page #1281

• Glomus caroticum (Carotid glands; Carotid bodies)
• Glomus coccygeum (Coccygeal gland or Body; Luschka's gland)

the spleen (Gray's s278)

Gray's page #1282

• spleen (lien)
• Relations
  • diaphragmatic surface (facies diaphragmatica; external or phrenic surface)
  • visceral surface
  • gastric surface (facies gastrica)
    • hilum

Gray's page #1283

• Relations
  • renal surface (facies renalis)
  • superior extremity (extremitas superior)
  • lower extremity or colic surface (extremitas inferior)
  • anterior border (margo anterior)
  • posterior border (margo posterior)
  • inferior border (internal border)
  • phrenicolienal ligament
  • gastrolienal ligament
  • accessory spleens (lien accessorius; supernumerary spleen)
• Structure
  • external coat or serous coat (tunica serosa)
  • fibroelastic coat (tunica albuginea)
  • trabeculæ

Gray's page #1284

• Structure
  • areolae
  • splenic pulp (pulpa lienis)
  • splenic cells

Gray's page #1285

• Bloodvessels of the Spleen
  • lienal artery
  • lymphatic nodules (Malpighian bodies of the spleen)

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy