List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: IV. Myology

Additional recommended knowledge

Essential Laboratory Skills Guide

Don't let static charges disrupt your weighing accuracy

What is the Correct Way to Check Repeatability in Balances?

mechanics of muscle (Gray's s102)

Gray's page #361

• unipennate
• bipennate

Gray's page #362

• origin
• insertion
• synergic muscles
• fixation muscles
• The Mechanics of Muscle

Gray's page #363

• The Direction of the Muscle Pull

Gray's page #364

• The Action of the Muscle Pull on the Tendon
• The Strength of Muscles

Gray's page #365

• absolute muscle strength
• The Work Accomplished by Muscles
  • physiological cross-section
  • maximum shortening
  • position of the joint

Gray's page #368

• The Action of Muscles on Joints

Gray's page #370

• Levers

development of the muscles (Gray's s103)

Gray's page #371

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Ventrolateral Muscles of the Neck
• Muscles of the Shoulder girdle andArm

Gray's page #372

• The Myotomic Muscles
• The Muscles of the Leg
• The Muscles of the Head

Gray's page #373

• Striped muscle (Voluntary muscle)
  • perimysium
  • epimysium
  • fasciculi
  • endomysium
• muscular fiber
  • sarcolemma

Gray's page #374

• muscle columns
• sarcoplasm
• areas of Cohnheim
• sarcostyles

Gray's page #375

• Dobie's line (Kraus's membrane)
• lines of Hensen
• sarcomere
• sarcous element

Gray's page #376

• capillaries of striped muscle

tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae (Gray's s104)

Gray's page #376

• Tendons
  • organs of Golgi
• Aponeuroses
• fasciae

Gray's page #377

• fasciae
  • superficial fascia
    • white fibers
    • yellow elastic fibers
    • matrix
    • cells of areolar tissue
      • lamellar cells
      • Clasmatocytes
      • Granule cells
      • Plasma cells
      • wandering cells
        • pigment cells

Gray's page #378

• fasciae
  • deep fascia

the fasciae and muscles of the head

the muscles of the scalp (Gray's s105)

Gray's page #378

• Epicranius
• Skin of the Scalp
• superficial fascia
• Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis)

Gray's page #379

• Occipitalis
• Frontalis

Gray's page #380

• galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
• Transversus nuchæ

the muscles of the eyelid (Gray's s106)

Gray's page #380

• Levator palpebræ superioris
• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament
  • palpebral portion
  • orbital portion
  • lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi)

Gray's page #381

• Orbicularis oculi (Orbicularis palpebrarum)
  • medial palpebral ligament (tendo oculi)
  • lateral palpebral raphé
• Corrugator (Corrugator supercilii)

the muscles of the nose (Gray's s107)

Gray's page #382

• Procerus (Pyramidalis nasi)
• Nasalis (Compressor naris)
• Depressor septi (Depressor alœ nasi)
• Dilatator naris posterior
• Dilatator naris anterior

the muscles of the mouth (Gray's s108)

Gray's page #382

• muscles of the mouth

Gray's page #383

• Quadratus labii superioris
  • angular head
  • infraorbital head
  • zygomatic head
• Caninus (Levator anguli oris)
• Zygomaticus (Zygomaticus major)
• Mentalis (Levator menti)
• Quadratus labii inferioris (Depressor labii inferioris; Quadratus menti)
• Triangularis (Depressor anguli oris)
• Transversus menti

Gray's page #384

• Buccinator
• suctorial pad
• pterygomandibular raphé (pterygomandibular ligament)
• Orbicularis oris

Gray's page #385

• lateral band (m. incisivus labii superioris)
• medial band (m. nasolabialis)
• philtrum
• m. incisivus labii inferioris
• Risorius

the muscles of mastication (Gray's s109)

Gray's page #385

• Parotideomasseteric fascia (masseteric fascia)
• Masseter

Gray's page #386

• Temporal fascia
• Temporalis (Temporal muscle)
• Pterygoideus externus (External pterygoid muscle)

Gray's page #387

• Pterygoideus internus (Internal pterygoid muscle)

the fasciae and muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck

the superficial cervical muscle (Gray's s110)

Gray's page #387

• Platysma

the lateral cervical muscles (Gray's s111)

Gray's page #388

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • investing portion of the fascia
  • Above
    • parotideomasseteric fascia
    • stylomandibular ligament
    • sphenomandibular ligament
    • pterygospinous ligament

Gray's page #389

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • Below
    • suprasternal space (space of Burns)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • carotid sheath
    • prevertebral fascia

Gray's page #390

• Fascia colli (deep cervical fascia)
  • fascia which lines the deep surface of the Sternocleidomastoideus
    • prevertebral fascia
      • buccopharyngeal fascia
      • retropharyngeal space
    • pretrachial fascia
• Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle)
• Triangles of the neck
  • anterior triangle

Gray's page #391

• Triangles of the neck
  • posterior triangle

the supra- and infrahyoid muscles (Gray's s112)

suprahyoid muscles

Gray's page #391

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
  • posterior belly
  • anterior belly

Gray's page #392

• Digastricus (Digastric muscle)
  • suprahyoid aponeurosis
  • submaxillary triangle
  • carotid triangle
  • suprahyoid triangle or submental triangle
• Stylohyoideus (Stylohyoid muscle)
• Omohyoideus
• Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)

Gray's page #393

• Stylohyoid ligament (ligamentum stylohyoideus)
  • epihyal
• Mylohyoideus (Mylohyoid muscle)
• Geniohyoideus (Geniohyoid muscle)

infrahyoid muscles

Gray's page #393

• Sternohyoideus (Sternohyoid muscle)
• Sternothyreoideus (Sternothyroid muscle)

Gray's page #394

• Thyreohyoideus (Thyrohyoid muscle)
• Omohyoideus (Omohyoid muscle)
  • occipital triangle
  • subclavian triangle
  • carotid triangle
  • muscular triangle

the anterior vertebral muscles (Gray's s113)

Gray's page #394

• Longus colli

Gray's page #395

• Longus capitis (Rectus capitis anticus major)
• Rectus capitis anterior (Rectus capitis anticus minor)
• Rectus capitis lateralis

the lateral vertebral muscles (Gray's s114)

Gray's page #396

• Scalenus anterior (Scalenus anticus)
• Scalenus medius
• Scalenus posterior (Scalenus posticus)

the fasciae and muscles of the trunk

the deep muscles of the back (Gray's s115)

Gray's page #397

• Lumbodorsal fascia (fascia lumbodorsalis; lumbar aponeurosis and vertebral fascia)
  • nuchal fascia
• Splenius capitis
• Splenius cervicis (Splenius colli)
• Sacrospinalis (Erector spinæ)

Gray's page #399

• Iliocostalis
  • Iliocostalis lumborum (Iliocostalis muscle; Sacrolumbalis muscle)
  • Iliocostalis dorsi (Musculus accessorius)
  • Iliocostalis cervicis (Cervicalis ascendens)
• Longissimus
  • Longissimus dorsi
  • Longissimus cervicis (Transversalis cervicis)
  • Longissimus capitis (Trachelomastoid muscle)
• Spinalis
  • Spinalis dorsi

Gray's page #400

• Spinalis
  • Spinalis cervicis (Spinalis colli)
  • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Semispinalis
  • Semispinalis dorsi
  • Semispinalis cervicis (Semispinalis colli)
  • Semispinalis capitis (Complexus)
    • Spinalis capitis (Biventer cervicis)
• Multifidus (Multifidus spinæ)
• Rotatores (Rotatores spinæ)
• Interspinales

Gray's page #401

• Extensor coccygis
• Intertransversarii (Intertransversales)
  • Intertransversarii anteriores
  • Intertransversarii posteriores
  • Intertransversarii laterales
  • Intertransversarii mediales

the suboccipital muscles (Gray's s116)

Gray's page #401

• Rectus capitis posterior major (Rectus capitis posticus major)
• Rectus capitis posterior minor (Rectus capitis posticus minor)

Gray's page #402

• Obliquus capitis inferior (Obliquus inferior)
• Obliquus capitis superior (Obliquus superior)
• Suboccipital triangle

the muscles of the thorax (Gray's s117)

Gray's page #402

• Intercostal fasciae

Gray's page #403

• Intercostales (Intercostal muscles)
  • Intercostales externi (External intercostals)
    • anterior intercostal membranes
  • Intercostales interni (Internal intercostals)
    • posterior intercostal membranes
• Subcostales (Infracostales)
• Transversus thoracis (Triangularis sterni)
• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum breves

Gray's page #404

• Levatores costarum
  • Levatores costarum longi
• Serratus posterior superior (Serratus posticus superior)
• Serratus posterior inferior (Serratus posticus inferior)
• Diaphragm
• Medial lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis medialis; internal arcuate ligament)

Gray's page #405

• Lateral lumbocostal arch (arcus lumbocostalis lateralis; external arcuate ligament)
• Crura
  • right crus
  • left crus

Gray's page #406

• Central tendon
• Openings in the Diaphragm
  • aortic hiatus
  • esophageal hiatus
  • vena caval foramen
  • lesser apertures

Gray's page #407

• Respiration, mechanism of:

the muscles and fasciae of the abdomen (Gray's s118)

the anterolateral muscles

Gray's page #408

• Superficial fascia
  • superficial layer (fascia of Camper)
  • deep layer (fascia of Scarpa)

Gray's page #409

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)

Gray's page #410

• Obliquus externus abdominis (External or descending oblique muscle)
  • aponeurosis of the Obliquus externus abdominis
  • linea alba
  • inguinal ligament
  • lacunar ligament
  • reflected inguinal ligament
• Subcutaneous inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis subcutaneus; external abdominal ring)
  • crura of the ring
    • inferior crus (external pillar)
    • superior crus (internal pillar)
• Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)

Gray's page #411

• Intercrural fibers (fibræ intercrurales; intercolumnar fibers)
  • intercrural fascia
  • external spermatic fascia
• Inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale; Poupart’s ligament)

Gray's page #412

• Lacunar ligament (ligamentum lacunare [Gimbernati]; Gimbernat’s ligament)
• Reflected inguinal ligament (ligamentum inguinale reflexum; triangular fascia)
• Ligament of Cooper
• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)

Gray's page #413

• Obliquus internus abdominis (Internal or ascending oblique muscle)
  • inguinal aponeurotic falx

Gray's page #414

• Cremaster
  • cremasteric fascia
• Transversus abdominis (Transversalis muscle)
• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)

Gray's page #415

• inguinal aponeurotic falx (falx aponeurotica inguinalis; conjoined tendon of Internal oblique and Transversalis muscle)
  • interfoveolar ligament of Hesselbach
• Rectus abdominis

Gray's page #416

• Rectus abdominis
  • tendinous inscriptions
  • linea semicircularis
• Pyramidalis

Gray's page #417

• Linea alba
  • adminiculum lineae albae
• Lineae semilunares

Gray's page #418

• Transversalis fascia
  • deep crural arch
• abdominal inguinal ring (annulus inguinalis abdominis; internal or deep abdominal ring)
  • infundibuliform fascia
• Inguinal canal (canalis inguinalis; spermatic canal)
• Extraperitoneal connective tissue

Gray's page #419

• Deep crural arch

the posterior muscles

Gray's page #419

• Fascia covering the quadratus lumborum

Gray's page #420

• Quadratus lumborum

the muscles and fasciae of the pelvis (Gray's s119)

Gray's page #420

• pelvic diaphragm
• Pelvic fascia
  • fascia of the Obturator internus

Gray's page #421

• Pelvic fascia
  • fascia of the Obturator internus
    • Alcock's canal
  • fascia of the Piriformis
  • diaphragmatic part of the pelvic fascia
    • anal fascia

Gray's page #422

• Pelvic fascia
  • tendinous arch or white line of the pelvic fascia
  • endopelvic part of the pelvic fascia
    • vesical layer
    • rectovesical layer
    • rectal layer
• Levator ani

Gray's page #423

• Levator ani
  • anococcygeal raphé

Gray's page #424

• Levator ani
  • Levator prostatae
  • Iliococcygeus
    • Iliosacralis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Puborectalis
  • Sphincter recti
• Coccygeus

the muscles and fasciae of the perineum (Gray's s120)

The Muscles of the Anal Region

Gray's page #424

• Superficial fascia

Gray's page #425

• Deep fascia
• Ischiorectal fossa (fossa ischiorectalis)
• Corrugator cutis ani
• Sphincter ani externus (External sphincter ani)

Gray's page #426

• anococcygeal raphé
• Sphincter ani internus (Internal sphincter ani)

The Muscles of the Urogenital Region in the Male

Gray's page #426

• superficial layer of superficial fascia
• deep layer of superficial fascia (fascia of Colles)

Gray's page #427

• Central tendinous point of the perineum
• Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)

Gray's page #428

• Bulbocavernosus (Ejaculator urinæ; Accelerator urinæ)
• Ischiocavernosus (Erector penis)
• Deep fascia
• urogenital diaphragm (triangular ligament)
• inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

Gray's page #429

• superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
• transverse ligament of the pelvis
• Transversus perinæi profundus
• Constrictor urethræ
• Sphincter urethræ membranaceæ

The Muscles of the Urogenital Region in the Female

Gray's page #430

• Transversus perinæi superficialis (Transversus perinæi; Superficial transverse perineal muscle)
• Bulbocavernosus (Sphincter vaginæ)
• Ischiocavernosus (Erector clitoridis)
• fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

Gray's page #431

• Transversus perinæi profundus

the fascia and muscles of the upper extremity

the muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column (Gray's s121)

Gray's page #432

• Trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi

Gray's page #434

• axillary arch
• lumbar triangle of Petit
• triangle of ausculation
• Rhomboideus major
• Rhomboideus minor

Gray's page #435

• Levator scapulæ (Levator anguli scapulæ)

the muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls (Gray's s122)

Gray's page #435

• Superficial fascia
  • ligamenta suspensoria
• Pectoral fascia

Gray's page #436

• Pectoral fascia
  • axillary fascia
  • suspensory ligament of the axilla
• Pectoralis major

Gray's page #437

• Pectoralis major
  • Costocoracoideus
  • Chondro-epitrochlearis
  • Sternalis
• Coracoclavicular fascia (fascia coracoclavicularis; costocoracoid membrane; clavipectoral fascia)
  • costocoracoid ligament

Gray's page #438

• Pectoralis minor
  • Pectoralis minimus
• Subclavius
• Serratus anterior (Serratus magnus)

the muscles and fasciae of the shoulder (Gray's s123)

Gray's page #439

• Deltoideus (Deltoid muscle)

Gray's page #440

• Subscapular fascia (fascia subscapularis)
• Subscapularis
• Supraspinatous fascia (fascia supraspinata)
• Supraspinatus

Gray's page #441

• Infraspinatous fascia (fascia infraspinata)
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor

Gray's page #442

• Teres major

the muscles and fasciae of the arm (Gray's s124)

Gray's page #442

• Brachial fascia (fascia brachii; deep fascia of the arm)
• lateral intermuscular septum
• medial intermuscular septum

Gray's page #443

• Coracobrachialis
• Biceps brachii (Biceps; Biceps flexor cubiti)

Gray's page #444

• lacertus fibrosus (bicipital fascia)
• Brachialis (Brachialis anticus)
• Triceps brachii (Triceps; Triceps extensor cubiti)
• tendon of the Triceps brachii

Gray's page #445

• triangular space
• quadrangular space
• Variations
  • Subanconæus

the muscles and fasciae of the forearm (Gray's s125)

Gray's page #445

• Antibrachial fascia (fascia antibrachii; deep fascia of the forearm)

The Volar Antibrachial Muscles: Superficial Group

Gray's page #446

• Pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Palmaris longus

Gray's page #447

• Flexor carpi ulnaris

Gray's page #448

• Flexor digitorum sublimis

The Volar Antibrachial Muscles: Deep Group

Gray's page #448

• Flexor digitorum profundus

Gray's page #449

• vincula tendina
• vincula brevia
• vincula longa
• Flexor pollicis longus
• Pronator quadratus

The Dorsal Antibrachial Muscles: Superficial group

Gray's page #451

• Brachioradialis (Supinator longus)

Gray's page #452

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (Extensor carpi radialis longior)
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis (Extensor carpi radialis brevior)
• Extensor digitorum communis

Gray's page #454

• Extensor digiti quinti proprius (Extensor minimi digiti)
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Anconæus

The Dorsal Antibrachial Muscles: Deep Group

Gray's page #454

• Supinator (Supinator brevis)

Gray's page #455

• Abductor pollicis longus (Extensor oss. metacarpi pollicis)
• Extensor pollicis brevis (Extensor primi internodii pollicis)
• Extensor pollicis longus (Extensor secundi internodii pollicis)

Gray's page #456

• Extensor indicis proprius (Extensor indicis)

the muscles and fasciae of the hand (Gray's s126)

Gray's page #456

• thenar eminence
• hypothenar eminence
• Volar carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi volare)
• Transverse carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi transversum; anterior annular ligament)

Gray's page #457

• Mucous sheaths of wrist

Gray's page #458

• Dorsal carpal ligament (ligamentum carpi dorsale; posterior annular ligament)

Gray's page #459

• Mucous sheaths on back of wrist

Gray's page #460

• Palmar aponeurosis (aponeurosis palmaris; palmar fascia)

Gray's page #461

• Superficial transverse ligament of the fingers

The Lateral Volar Muscles

Gray's page #461

• Abductor pollicis brevis (Abductor pollicis)
• Opponens pollicis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• first interosseous volaris

Gray's page #462

• Adductor pollicis (obliquus) (Adductor obliquus pollicis)
• Adductor pollicis (transversus) (Adductor transversus pollicis)

The Medial Volar Muscles

Gray's page #463

• Palmaris brevis
• Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

Gray's page #464

• Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor brevis minimi digiti)
• Opponens digiti quinti (Opponens minimi digiti)

The Intermediate Muscles

Gray's page #464

• Lumbricales
• Interossei dorsales (Dorsal interossei)
• Abductor indicis

Gray's page #465

• Interossei volares (Palmar interossei)
• Interosseus volaris primus

the muscles and fasciae of the lower extremity

the muscles and fasciae of the iliac region (Gray's s127)

Gray's page #465

• The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Iliac region

Gray's page #466

• Fascia Covering the Psoas and Iliacus
  • portion covering the Psoas
  • portions investing the Iliacus (fascia iliaca; iliac fascia)
  • iliopectineal fascia

Gray's page #467

• Psoas major (Psoas magnus)
• Psoas minor (Psoas parvus)
• Iliacus

the muscles and fasciae of the thigh (Gray's s128)

The Anterior Femoral Muscles

Gray's page #468

• Superficial fascia
  • fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
  • fascia cribrosa
• Deep fascia
  • fascia lata
  • iliotibial band (tractus iliotibialis)

Gray's page #469

• Fossa ovalis (saphenous opening)
  • superficial portion of the fascia lata
    • falciform margin
      • superior cornu
      • inferior cornu
  • deep portion

Gray's page #470

• Sartorius
• Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis (Vastus externus)

Gray's page #471

• Quadriceps femoris (Quadriceps extensor)
  • Vastus medialis (Vastus internus)
  • Vastus intermedius (Crureus)
• tendons
  • prepatellar bursa
• Articularis genu (Subcrureus)

The Medial Femoral Muscles

Gray's page #471

• Gracilis

Gray's page #472

• Pectineus
• Adductores
  • Adductor longus

Gray's page #473

• Adductores
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus

The Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Gray's page #474

• Gluteal muscles
  • Glutæus maximus
  • Glutæus medius

Gray's page #475

• Gluteal muscles
  • Glutæus minimus

Gray's page #476

• Tensor fasciæ latæ (Tensor fasciæ femoris)
• Piriformis
• Obturator membrane

Gray's page #477

• Obturator internus
• Gemelli
  • Gemellus superior
  • Gemellus inferior
• Quadratus femoris
• Obturator externus

Gray's page #478

The Posterior Femoral Muscles (Hamstring Muscles)

• Biceps femoris (Biceps)

Gray's page #479

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus

the muscles and fasciae of the leg (Gray's s129)

The Anterior Crural Muscles

Gray's page #480

• Deep fascia (fascia cruris)
  • anterior and posterior peroneal septa
  • deep transverse fascia of the leg
• Tibialis anterior (Tibialis anticus)
  • Tibiofascialis anterior

Gray's page #481

• Extensor hallucis longus (Extensor proprius hallucis)
  • Extensor ossis metatarsi hallucis
• Extensor digitorum longus

Gray's page #482

• Peronæus tertius

The Posterior Crural Muscles: Superficial group

Gray's page #482

• Gastrocnemius

Gray's page #483

• Soleus
• Triceps suræ
• Tendo calcaneus (tendo Achillis)
• Plantaris

The Posterior Crural Muscles: Deep group

Gray's page #483

• Deep transverse fascia

Gray's page #484

• Popliteus

Gray's page #485

• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Tibialis posterior (Tibialis posticus)

The Lateral Crural Muscles

Gray's page #486

• Peronæus longus

Gray's page #487

• Peronæus brevis

the fasciae around the ankle (Gray's s130)

Gray's page #488

• Transverse crural ligament (ligamentum transversum cruris; upper part of anterior annular ligament)
• Cruciate crural ligament (ligamentum cruciatum cruris; lower part of anterior annular ligament)

Gray's page #489

• Laciniate ligament (ligamentum laciniatum; internal annular ligament)
• Peroneal retinacula
  • superior retinaculum (external annular ligament)
  • inferior retinaculum
• Mucous sheaths of the Tendons Around the Ankle

the muscles and fasciae of the foot (Gray's s131)

Gray's page #490

• Dorsal muscle of the foot
• Extensor digitorum brevis
• Extensor hallucis brevis
• Plantar muscles of the foot
• Plantar aponeurosis (aponeurosis plantaris; plantar fascia)

The First Layer

Gray's page #491

• Abductor hallucis
• Flexor digitorum brevis

Gray's page #492

• Abductor digiti quinti (Abductor minimi digiti)

The Second Layer

Gray's page #493

• Quadratus plantæ (Flexor accessorius)
• Lumbricales

The Third Layer

Gray's page #493

• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis (Adductor obliquus hallucis)

Gray's page #494

• Flexor digiti quinti brevis (Flexor brevis minimi digiti)
• Opponens digiti quinti

The Fourth Layer

Gray's page #495

• Interossei
• Interossei dorsales (Dorsal interossei)
• Interossei plantares (Plantar interossei)

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy