List of homologues of the human reproductive system

The List of homologues of the human reproductive system shows how indifferent embryonic organs differentiate into the respective sex organs in males and females. Mullerian ducts are also referred to as paramesonephric ducts, and Wolffian ducts as mesonephric duct.

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Counterparts

Indifferent	Male	Female
Gonad	Testis	Ovary
Mullerian duct	Appendix testis	Fallopian tubes
Mullerian duct	Prostatic utricle	Uterus, proximal vagina
Mesonephric tubules	Efferent ducts, Paradidymis	Epoophoron, Paroöphoron
Wolffian duct	Rete testis	Rete ovarii
Wolffian duct	Epididymis	Gartner's duct
Wolffian duct	Vas deferens
Wolffian duct	Seminal vesicle
Wolffian duct	Prostate	Skene's glands
Urogenital sinus	Bladder, urethra	Bladder, urethra, distal vagina
Urogenital sinus	Cowper's or Bulbourethral gland	Bartholin's gland
Labioscrotal folds	Scrotum	Labia majora
Urogenital folds	Spongy urethra	Labia minora
Genital tubercle	Penis	Clitoris
Genital tubercle	Bulb of penis	Vestibular bulbs
Genital tubercle	Glans penis	Clitoral glans
Genital tubercle	Crus of penis	Clitoral crura
Prepuce	Foreskin	Clitoral hood
Peritoneum	Processus vaginalis	Canal of Nuck
Gubernaculum	Gubernaculum testis	Round ligament of uterus

Diagram of internal differentiation

A. primitive urogenital organs in the embryo previous to sexual distinction.	B. female type of sexual organs.	C. male type of sexual organs.
3. Ureter	Ureter	Ureter
4. Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder	Urinary bladder
5. Urachus	Urachus	Urachus
i. Lower part of the intestine	i. Lower part of the intestine	i. Lower part of the intestine
cl. Cloaca
cp. Elevation which becomes clitoris or penis (genital tubercle)	cc. Corpus cavernosum clitoridis	cp. Corpora cavernosa penis cut short
ug. Sinus urogenitalis	C. Greater vestibular gland, and immediately above it the urethra	C. Bulbo-urethral gland of one side
	f. The abdominal opening of the left uterine tube
	g. Round ligament, corresponding to gubernaculum	g. The gubernaculum
	h. Situation of the hymen
ls. Labioscrotal folds	l. Labium major	s. Scrotum
	n. Labium minus
m, m. Right and left Müllerian ducts uniting together and running with the Wolffian ducts in gc, the genital cord		m. Müllerian duct, the upper part of which remains as the hydatid of Morgagni; the lower part, represented by a dotted line descending to the prostatic utricle, constitutes the occasionally existing cornu and tube of the uterus masculinus
ot. The genital ridge from which either the ovary or testis is formed.	o. The left ovary	t. Testis in the place of its original formation; t’, together with the dotted lines above, indicates the direction in which the testis and epididymis descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.
		pr. The prostate
	sc. Corpus cavernosum urethrae	sp. Corpus cavernosum urethrae
	u. Uterus. The uterine tube of the right side is marked m.
	v. Vulva
	va. Vagina
		vh. Ductus aberrans
		vs. The vesicula seminalis
W. Left Wolffian body		W. Scattered remains of the Wolffian body, constituting the organ of Giraldès, or the paradidymis of Waldeyer.
w, w. Right and left Wolffian ducts	W. Scattered remains of Wolffian tubes near it (paroöphoron of Waldeyer); dG. Remains of the left Wolffian duct, such as give rise to the duct of Gärtner, represented by dotted lines; that of the right side is marked w.
	po. Epoophoron

Diagram of external differentiation

A: Undifferentiated
B: Female
C: Male
D: Female
E: Male
F: Female

v • d • e Prenatal development/mammalian embryogenesis - Development of the urinary and reproductive organs
General Urinary/Reproductive system	Cloacal membrane - Cloaca - Urethral groove - Urogenital sinus - Urachus - Urogenital folds
Kidney development	Nephrogenic cord - Nephrotome - Pronephros - Mesonephros (Mesonephric tubules) Ureteric bud - Metanephric blastema
Fetal genital development - primarily internal	Gonadal ridge - Sex cord (Cortical cords, Testis cords) Pronephric duct/Wolffian duct/mesonephric duct - Müllerian duct/paramesonephric ducts (Vaginal plate)
Primarily external	Genital tubercle - Phallus - Labioscrotal folds Gubernaculum - Processus vaginalis
see also list of homologues of the human reproductive system