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Lateral sulcus



Brain: Lateral sulcus
Lateral sulcus
Base of brain. (Lateral fissure visible at top left.)
Latin sulcus lateralis
Gray's subject #189 819
NeuroNames hier-30

The lateral sulcus (also called Sylvian fissure or lateral fissure) is one of the most prominent structures of the human brain. It divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below. It is in both hemispheres of the brain but is longer in the left hemisphere. The lateral sulcus is one the earliest-developing sulci of the human brain. It first appears around the fourteenth gestational week.[1]

The lateral sulcus has a number of side branches. Two of the most prominent and most regularly found are the ascending (also called vertical) ramus and the horizontal ramus of the lateral fissure, which subdivide the inferior frontal gyrus. The lateral sulcus also contains the transverse temporal gyri, which is part of the primary localized auditory cortex.

It was named the sylvian fissure after Franciscus Sylvius (1614-1672), professor of medicine at Leiden University.

References

  1. ^ Jee G. Chi, Elizabeth C. Dooling, Floyd H. Gilles (January 1977). "Gyral development of the human brain". Annals of Neurology 1 (1): 86-93. doi:10.1002/ana.410010109.

Additional images

References

  • The peri-sylvian aphasias
  • sylvian fissure
v • d • e
Brain: telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres)
Primary sulci/fissuresMedial longitudinal, Lateral, Central, Parietoöccipital, Calcarine, Cingulate, Callosal Collateral fissure
Frontal lobePrecentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex, 4), Precentral sulcus, Superior frontal gyrus/Frontal eye fields (6, 8, 9), Middle frontal gyrus (46), Inferior frontal gyrus (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis), Orbitofrontal cortex (10, 11, 12, 47)
Parietal lobeSomatosensory cortex (Primary (1, 2, 3, 43), Secondary (5)), Precuneus (7m), Parietal lobules (Arcuate fasciculus/Superior (7l), Inferior (40)), Angular gyrus (39), Intraparietal sulcus, Marginal sulcus
Occipital lobePrimary visual cortex (17), Cuneus, Lingual gyrus, 18, 19 - Lateral occipital sulcus
Temporal lobePrimary auditory cortex (41, 42), Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22), Middle temporal gyrus (21), Inferior temporal gyrus (20), Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (Amygdala, Hippocampus, Parahippocampal gyrus (27, 28, 34, 35, 36)
Cingulate cortex/gyrusSubgenual area (25), anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), Posterior cingulate (23, 31), Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30), Supracallosal gyrus
white matter tractsCorpus callosum (Splenium, Genu, Rostrum, Tapetum), Septum pellucidum, Internal capsule, Corona radiata, External capsule, Olfactory tract, Fornix (Commissure of fornix), Anterior commissure, Posterior commissure Terminal stria Superior and Inferior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus
Basal gangliaStriatum (Putamen,Caudate nucleus, Nucleus accumbens), Globus pallidus, Claustrum, Subthalamic nucleus, Substantia nigra
OtherInsular cortex Olfactory bulb, Anterior olfactory nucleus Septal nuclei Basal optic nucleus of Meynert
Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lateral_sulcus". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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