Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis

Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (formerly L. sanfrancisco) is a species of lactic acid bacteria that helps give sourdough bread its characteristic taste.^[1]

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Sourdough starters are leavened by a mixture of yeast and lactobacilli in a ratio of about 1:100. The yeast is most commonly Candida milleri. This yeast cannot metabolize the maltose found in the dough, while the Lactobacillus needs maltose.^[2] They therefore act without conflict for substrate, with the Lactobacillus utilizing maltose and the yeast utilizing the other sugars, including the glucose produced by the Lactobacillus. The lactobacilli produces an antibiotic cycloheximide which kills many organisms (but not the Candida), and the Candida tolerates the acetic acid produced by the lactobacilli.

For commercial use, specific strains of the L. sanfranciscensis are grown on defined media, freeze-dried, and shipped to bakeries worldwide.

References

1. ^ Karel Kulp, Klaus Lorenz (2003). Handbook of Dough Fermentation. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8247-4264-8. 
2. ^ Neubauer H, Glaasker E, Hammes WP, Poolman B, Konings WN (1994). "Mechanism of maltose uptake and glucose excretion in Lactobacillus sanfrancisco". J Bacteriol 176 (10): 3007-12. PubMed fulltext.