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KinomeIn molecular biology, the kinome is the ensemble of kinases that are expressed in a particular cell or present in the genome of an organism. Kinases are enzymes that catalyze phosphorylation reactions and fall into several families, e.g., those that phosphorylate the amino acids serine and threonine, those that phosphorylate tyrosine and a few border cases such as those related to MLK3 and the two LRRK proteins. Additional recommended knowledgeIt was long believed that serine/threonine kinases played different metabolic roles than tyrosine kinases, the former being used mainly for inducing conformational changes versus the latter being used to create structural "handles" on proteins that to enable binding by an SH2 domain. However, recent research has shown that there are specialized protein domains that bind to phosphorylated serine and threonine residues. Kinases play critical roles in cell signaling and their activities are substantially altered in many cancer cells, providing potential targets for drug development - particularly cyclin-dependent kinases involved in regulating the cell cycle.[1] The kinome of rice has been cataloged and entered into a public database to aid study of phylogenetic relationships between individual kinases.[2] Other organisms whose kinomes have been extensively studied and mapped include sea urchins[3] and dictyostelium[4]
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Kinome". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |