Intestinal atresia

Intestinal atresia is a malformation where there is a narrowing or absence of a portion of the intestine. This defect can either occur in the small or large intestine.

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Types of intestinal atresia

The different types of intestinal atresia are named after their location:

• Duodenal atresia - malformation of the duodenum, part of the intestine that empties from the stomach
• Jejunal atresia - malformation of the jejunum, the second part of the intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum
• Ileal atresia - malformation of the ileum, the lower part of the small intestine
• Colon atresia - malformation of the colon

Diagnosis

Intestinal atresias are often discovered before birth: either during a routine sonogram which shows a dilated intestinal segment due to the blockage, or by the development of polyhydramnios (the build up of too much amniotic fluid in the uterus). These abnormalities are indications that the fetus may have a bowel obstruction which a more detailed ultrasound study can confirm.

Some fetuses with bowel obstruction have abnormal chromosomes. An amniocentesis is recommended because it can determine not only the sex of the baby, but whether or not there is a problem with the chromosomes.

Treatment

Fetal and neonatal intestinal atresia treated with using laparotomy after birth. If the area affected is small, the surgeon may be able to remove the damaged portion and join the intestine back together. In instances where the narrowing is longer, or the area is damaged and cannot be used for period of time, a temporary stoma may be placed.

See also

• Bowel obstruction
• Ileus
• Atresia
• Pediatric surgery