Human Coronavirus NL63

Human Coronavirus NL63 or HCoV-NL63 is a virus that was identified in 2003 in a child with bronchiolitis in the Netherlands.

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Recent reports from several countries (Australia, Japan, Canada and Belgium) indicate that the virus has spread worldwide. The virus is found mainly in young children, elderly and immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory illness during the winter season.

Recent data suggest an association of HCoV-NL63 infection with Kawasaki disease, a systemic vasculitis in childhood that may result in aneurysms of the coronary arteries. In the developed world, Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Further analysis of HCoV-NL63 pathogenicity seems warranted, in particular because of recent evidence that this virus uses the same cellular receptor as SARS-CoV (ACE2).

References

• van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, Vermeulen-Oost W, Berkhout RJ, Wolthers KC, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Kaandorp J, Spaargaren J, Berkhout B: Identification of a new human coronavirus Nat Med. 2004 Apr;10(4):368-73. Epub 2004 Mar 21.
• Hofmann H, Pyrc K, van der Hoek L, Geier M, Berkhout B, Pöhlmann S: Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 31;102(22):7988-93.