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Histiocytoma (dog)A histiocytoma in the dog is a benign tumor. It is an abnormal growth in the skin of histiocytes (histiocytosis), a cell that is part of the immune system. A similar disease in humans, Hashimoto-Pritzker disease, is also a Langerhans cell histiocytosis.[1] Dog breeds that may be more at risk for this tumor include Bulldogs, Scottish Terriers, Greyhounds, Boxers, and Boston Terriers. They also rarely occur in goats and cattle.[2] Additional recommended knowledge
Histiocytic disordersA histiocyte is a differentiated tissue cell that has its origin in the bone marrow. The source for histiocytes is the monocyte/macrophage line. Monocytes (found in the blood) and macrophages (found in tissue) are responsible for phagocytosis (ingestion) of foreign material in the body. Langerhans cells are dendritic cells found in the skin and function by internalizing antigens (foreign particles) and presenting them to T cells. They arise from monocytes.[3] Histiocytic disorders refer to diseases that are caused by abnormal behavior of these cells. They include the following:
Tumor biologyA histiocytoma originates from epidermal Langerhans cells of antigen-presenting cell lineage.[4] Spontaneous regresssion is common in these tumors, and it is mediated by infiltration of CD8-expressing T cells followed by expression of Type 1 T helper cell cytokines (such as Interferon-gamma) and recruitment of antitumour effector cells.[5] SymptomsMost commonly histiocytomas are found in young dogs and appear as a small, solitary, hairless lump,[6] although Shar Peis may be predisposed to multiple histiocytomas.[7] They are most commonly found on the head, neck, ears, and limbs, and are usually less than 2.5 cm in diameter.[8] Ulceration of the mass is common. Diagnosis is made through cytology of the mass. Cytology reveals cells with clear to lightly basophilic cytoplasm and round or indented nuclei with fine chromatin and indistinct nucleoli.[9] TreatmentMost histiocytomas will regress within two or three months.[6] Surgical removal may be necessary if the tumor does not regress or if it is growing rapidly to a large size. Histiocytomas can also be treated with an intralesional injection of a corticosteroid, but this is not always successful. References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Histiocytoma_(dog)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |