To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
my.bionity.com
With an accout for my.bionity.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter.
- My watch list
- My saved searches
- My saved topics
- My newsletter
Heyde's syndromeHeyde's syndrome is a syndrome of aortic valve stenosis associated with gastrointestinal bleeding from colonic angiodysplasia. It is named after Dr. Edward C. Heyde, who first described the association in 1958.[1] It is due to the induction of von Willebrand disease type IIA by the valvular stenosis.[2] Additional recommended knowledge
Signs and symptomsGastrointestinal hemorrage may present as hematemesis (vomiting blood), melena (tarry stool from altered blood) or hematochezia (fresh blood in stool). These symptoms usually lead to endoscopy of the upper and/or lower digestive tract (gastroscopy or colonoscopy). If this shows angiodysplasia, and the patient is known to have aortic stenosis, the combination is referred to as "Heyde's syndrome". It is not necessary for the aortic stenosis to lead to any other symptoms, but evidence of heart failure, syncope or chest pain may be present if the stenosis is severe.[3] DiagnosisThe tests normally performed for Von Willebrand disease are not necessarily positive, as the abnormality is subtle.[4] Platelet function analysis (with ADP closure time) or von Willebrand factor electrophoresis identifies reduction of ULVWF (ultra-large von Willebrand factor).[2] PathophysiologyIn the 45 years following its initial description, no plausible explanations could be found for the association between aortic valve stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Indeed, the association itself was questioned by a number of researchers.[5] A number of reports stressed, however, that replacement of the diseased aortic valve often led to resolution of the coagulopathy.[4][6] A 2003 study showed how the subtle form of von Willebrand disease present in Heyde syndrome patients resolved rapidly after aortic valve replacement of the stenosed aortic valve. The coagulation abnormality, the study poses, is possibly caused by the increased breakdown of the very large von Willebrand factor molecule by its natural catabolic enzyme (named ADAMTS13) under conditions of high shear stress around the valve.[2] TherapySymptomatic treatment can be given in the form of blood transfusions. Desmopressin (DDAVP) releases Factor VIII storage pools and is used in mild to moderate cases of von Willebrand disease. Vincentelli et al argue that severe forms of Heyde's syndrome might be sufficient reason for aortic valve replacement, even if the stenosis is otherwise clinically unimportant and is not likely to cause complications.[2] EpidemiologyThe exact prevalence of the syndrome is unknown. In a 2003 study it was found that of the 73 angiodysplasia patients who had also undergone echocardiograms, the prevalence of aortic stenosis was 31% (as opposed to 14% in the control group).[7] HistoryThe syndrome was originally described in 1958 by Dr Edward C. Heyde, an internist living and working in Vancouver, WA in a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine. He reported ten patients with the association.[1] A letter appearing shortly after confirmed an odds ratio of almost 3.0 between the two diseases.[8] References
Categories: Cardiology | Gastroenterology |
|
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Heyde's_syndrome". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |