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| major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, A69
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| Alleles
| A*6901
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| Structure (See HLA-A)
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| Identifiers | 6901
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| Symbol(s)
| HLA-A
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| EBI-HLA
| A*6901
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| Shared data
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| Locus
| chr.6 6p21.31
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HLA-A69 (A69) is an HLA-A serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-A*6901 gene product. A69 is a split antigen of the A28 broad antigen serotype. It is relatively rare outside of the Middle East and Mediterranean region. A*6901 is a derivative of the A*6801 allele that has undergone gene conversion with A*02.[1] The recombination took place no more that 330,000 years ago.
Additional recommended knowledge
Serotype
A69 serotype recognition of Some HLA A*6901 gene products[2]
| A*69 | A69
| A28 | A68 | A2 | Sample
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| allele | % | % | % | % | size (N)
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| 6901 | 7 | 56 | 3 | 6 | 289
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Serotyping of A69 is poor.
A69 distribution
HLA A*6901 frequencies
| | | freq
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| ref. | Population | (%)
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| [3]
| Palestinian (Gaza) | 4.8
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| [4]
| North Isl. (Cape Verde) | 4.0
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| [5]
| Druse-Arab (Israel) | 3.0
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| [4] | South Isl. (Cape Verde) | 2.4
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| [6]
| Mossi (Burkino Faso) | 1.9
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| [7]
| Bulgaria | 1.8
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| [8]
| Jew (Israel) | 1.2
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| [9]
| Tunis (Tunisia) | 1.1
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| [10]
| Bergamo (Italy) | 1.1
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| [11]
| N. Delhi (India) | 1.1
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| [12]
| Amman (Jordon) | 1.0
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| [13]
| Sardinia (Italy) | 1.0
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| [14]
| Central Portugal | 1.0
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| [14] | Shanghai (China) | 0.7
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| [15]
| Girona (Catalon, Spain) | 0.6
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| [16]
| Baloch (Iran) | 0.6
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| [14] | Greece | 0.6
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| [14] | Czech | 0.5
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| [14] | SE France | 0.4
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| [17]
| Kampala (Uganda) | 0.3
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| [14] | N. Greece | 0.3
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| [14] | Romania | 0.3
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| [14] | Sudanese | 0.25
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| [14] | U. Arab Emerates | 0.25
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| [14] | Japan | 0.0
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| [14] | Croatia | 0.0
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| [14] | N. Ireland | 0.0
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| [14] | Zambia | 0.0
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| [14] | Luo (Kenya) | 0.0
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| [14] | Nandi (Kenya) | 0.0
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| [14] | Bandiagara (Mali) | 0.0
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Distribution of A69 places nodal center in the Levant, but high levels in West Africa. The model of human genetic origin places first migrations from Eastern Africa. However in many east African populations the frequency of A69 is zero. A more consistent model of A69 distribution is either a subsequent migration from West Africa, supported by A36 and HLA DR3-DQ2. The higher levels in the Gaza Palestinians supports this hypothesis.
Disease associations
A69 may be associated with sarcodiosis.[18]
References
- ^ Holmes N, Parham P (1985). "Exon shuffling in vivo can generate novel HLA class I molecules". EMBO J. 4 (11): 2849-54. PMID 3877632.
- ^ derived from IMGT/HLA
- ^ Arnaiz-Villena A, Elaiwa N, Silvera C, et al (2001). "The origin of Palestinians and their genetic relatedness with other Mediterranean populations". Hum. Immunol. 62 (9): 889-900. PMID 11543891.
- ^ a b Spínola H, Bruges-Armas J, Middleton D, Brehm A (2005). "HLA polymorphisms in Cabo Verde and Guiné-Bissau inferred from sequence-based typing". Hum. Immunol. 66 (10): 1082-92. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2005.09.001. PMID 16386651.
- ^ Proceedings of IHW Workshop, Seattle 2002, via http://www.allelefrequencies.net via Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens 61 (5): 403-7. PMID 12753660.
- ^ Modiano D, Luoni G, Petrarca V, et al (2001). "HLA class I in three West African ethnic groups: genetic distances from sub-Saharan and Caucasoid populations". Tissue Antigens 57 (2): 128-37. PMID 11260507.
- ^ Ivanova M, Rozemuller E, Tyufekchiev N, Michailova A, Tilanus M, Naumova E (2002). "HLA polymorphism in Bulgarians defined by high-resolution typing methods in comparison with other populations". Tissue Antigens 60 (6): 496-504. PMID 12542743.
- ^ Maccabi Healthcare Services Histocompatibility Dept. Israel, bone marrow registry, via http://www.allelefrequencies.net
- ^ Hajjej A, Kâabi H, Sellami MH, et al (2006). "The contribution of HLA class I and II alleles and haplotypes to the investigation of the evolutionary history of Tunisians". Tissue Antigens 68 (2): 153-62. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00622.x. PMID 16866885.
- ^ DW, Gjertson; PI, Terasaki (1998). HLA 1998: proceedings of the twelfth International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference. ASHI. via http://www.allelefrequencies.net
- ^ Rani R, Marcos C, Lazaro AM, Zhang Y, Stastny P (2007). "Molecular diversity of HLA-A, -B and -C alleles in a North Indian population as determined by PCR-SSOP". Int. J. Immunogenet. 34 (3): 201-8. doi:10.1111/j.1744-313X.2007.00677.x. PMID 17504510.
- ^ Sánchez-Velasco P, Karadsheh NS, García-Martín A, Ruíz de Alegría C, Leyva-Cobián F (2001). "Molecular analysis of HLA allelic frequencies and haplotypes in Jordanians and comparison with other related populations". Hum. Immunol. 62 (9): 901-9. PMID 11543892.
- ^ Grimaldi MC, Crouau-Roy B, Amoros JP, et al (2001). "West Mediterranean islands (Corsica, Balearic islands, Sardinia) and the Basque population: contribution of HLA class I molecular markers to their evolutionary history". Tissue Antigens 58 (5): 281-92. PMID 11844138.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Middleton D, Menchaca L, Rood H, Komerofsky R (2003). "New allele frequency database: http://www.allelefrequencies.net". Tissue Antigens 61 (5): 403-7. PMID 12753660.
- ^ Comas D, Mateu E, Calafell F, et al (1998). "HLA class I and class II DNA typing and the origin of Basques". Tissue Antigens 51 (1): 30-40. PMID 9459501.
- ^ Farjadian S, Naruse T, Kawata H, Ghaderi A, Bahram S, Inoko H (2004). "Molecular analysis of HLA allele frequencies and haplotypes in Baloch of Iran compared with related populations of Pakistan". Tissue Antigens 64 (5): 581-7. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00302.x. PMID 15496201.
- ^ Cao K, Moormann AM, Lyke KE, et al (2004). "Differentiation between African populations is evidenced by the diversity of alleles and haplotypes of HLA class I loci". Tissue Antigens 63 (4): 293-325. PMID 15009803.
- ^ Bilir M, Sipahi S, Yilmaz E, et al (2007). "Analysis of HLA antigens in Turkish sarcoidosis patients". South. Med. J. 100 (4): 356-9. PMID 17458393.
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