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major histocompatibility complex (human), class I, A31
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Alleles
| A*3101 A*3102 A*3103
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Structure (See HLA-A)
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Identifiers | 3101 3102 3103
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Symbol(s)
| HLA-A
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EBI-HLA
| A*3101
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EBI-HLA
| A*3102
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EBI-HLA
| A*3103
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Shared data
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Locus
| chr.6 6p21.31
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HLA-A31 (A31) is an HLA-A serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-A*31 gene products. A31 is a split antigen of the A19 broad antigen serotype group. It is similar to the antigens A29, A30, A32,A33, and A74. A31 is more common in Japan, Siberia and Indigenous Americans. It is also more frequent in NE Europe than SW Europe.
Additional recommended knowledge
Serotype
A31 serotype recognition of Some HLA A*31 allele-group gene products[1]
A*31 | A31
| A19 | Sample
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allele | % | % | size (N)
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3101 | 90 | 1 | 3517
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3102 | 100 | | 11
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There is substantive cross reaction of A30 with A*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.
A*31 alleles
A*310102
HLA A*3101 frequencies
| | freq
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ref. | Population | (%)
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[2] | Toba Rosario (Argentina ) | 36.0
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[2] | Navajo, Canoncito (USA) | 26.8
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[2] | Chiriguanos (Argentina) | 26.4
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[2] | Nadar (Tamil Nadu, India) | 18.9
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[2] | Tarasco (Michoacan, Mexico) | 18.4
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[2] | Terena (indig. Brazil) | 18.3
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[2] | Lakota Sioux (USA) | 18.1
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[2] | Seri (Sonora, Mexico) | 15.2
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[2] | Hyogo (Japan) | 14.1
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[2] | Mestizos (Colombia) | 13.3
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[2] | Golla (Andhra Pradesh, India) | 13.1
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[2] | Teenek Huasteca Reg. (Mexico) | 12.1
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[2] | Ainu (Hokkaido, Japan) | 12.0
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[2] | Mayans (Guatemala) | 10.9
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[2] | Hyogo-Osaka-Nagano (Japan) | 10.3
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[2] | Lama (Lamas, Peru) | 10.2
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[2] | Tarahumara (Chihuahua, Mexico) | 10.2
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[2] | Tuva (Russia) | 9.8
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[2] | Japan(5) | 9.3
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[2] | Tibetan | 9.2
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[2] | Khalkha (Mongolia) | 8.5
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[2] | Naxi (Yunnan, China) | 8.3
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[2] | Mestizos (Guadalajara, Mexico) | 8.3
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[2] | Okinawa (Ryukyu, Japan) | 8.1
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[2] | Indig American (USA) | 7.8
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[2] | Japan Aichi | 7.6
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[2] | Pima (Indig American) | 7.6
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[2] | Buriat (Mongolia) | 7.5
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[2] | Central Japan | 7.1
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[2] | North Han (China) | 7.1
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[2] | Mixtec (Oaxaca, Mexico) | 6.9
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[2] | Zaptotec (Oaxaca, Mexico) | 6.7
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[2] | North Delhi (India ) | 6.0
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[2] | Pawra (Khandesh, India) | 6.0
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[2] | Yucpa (Perija Mtns, Venezuela) | 5.8
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[2] | South Korea (3) | 5.4
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[2] | Inner Mongolia (China) | 5.4
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[2] | Madang (PNG) | 5.1
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[2] | Finland | 5.0
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[2] | Nivkhi (Sakhalin, Russia) | 4.7
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[2] | South East France | 4.7
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[2] | Sindhi (Pakistan) | 4.4
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[2] | Marathas (Mumbai, India) | 4.3
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[2] | Belgium | 4.2
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[2] | Kalash (Pakistan) | 4.2
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[2] | central Portugal | 4.0
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[2] | Uppsala (Sweden) | 3.8
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[2] | Toto (Jalpaiguri, India) | 3.8
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[2] | China(Beijing) | 3.7
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[2] | Essen (W. German) | 3.6
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[2] | Lusaka Zambia | 3.5
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[2] | Girona (Catalonia Spain ) | 3.4
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[2] | Wales (Gr. Britain) | 3.0
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[2] | Croatia | 3.0
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[2] | Karimui (PNG) | 3.0
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[2] | New Delhi India | 3.0
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[2] | Basque (Gipuzkoa, Spain ) | 3.0
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[2] | Sudanese | 3.0
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[2] | Yuendumu (indig. Austr.) | 2.9
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[2] | Czech Republic | 2.8
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[2] | Thailand | 2.8
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[2] | China South Han | 2.8
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[2] | Northern Ireland | 2.6
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[2] | Oman | 2.5
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[2] | Kampala (Uganda) | 2.5
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[2] | Yunnan Nu (China) | 2.5
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[2] | Mestizos (Mexico) | 2.4
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[2] | New Caledonia | 2.4
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[2] | Romanian | 2.3
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[2] | Burusho (Pakistan ) | 2.2
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[2] | Baloch (Iran) | 2.2
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[2] | Berbers (Morocco) | 2.1
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[2] | Wanigela (PNG) | 2.1
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[2] | Siraya (Indig. Taiwan) | 2.0
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[2] | W. Coast Parsis (India) | 2.0
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[2] | North Hindus (India ) | 1.9
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[2] | Svans (Georgia) | 1.9
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[2] | Bulgaria | 1.8
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[2] | Kurds (Georgia) | 1.7
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[2] | Amman Jordan | 1.7
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[2] | Pathan (Pakistan) | 1.5
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[2] | Tunisia | 1.5
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[2] | Northeast Thailand | 1.4
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[2] | Yup'ik (Inuit Alaska) | 1.2
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[2] | Yaounde (Cameroon ) | 1.1
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[2] | Saomi (Murmansk Russia) | 1.0
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[2] | Tibilisi Georgia | 1.0
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[2] | Eastern Andalusia (Spain ) | 1.0
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[2] | Baloch (Pakistan) | 0.8
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[2] | Groote Eylandt (Indig. Austr.) | 0.7
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[2] | Druse (Arab, Israel) | 0.5
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[2] | Kenya | 0.3
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A31-B Haplotypes
HLA A31 haplotype frequencies
| | freq
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ref. | Population | (%)
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A31-B35(A*310102:Cw*0401:B*3501)
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| Lakota Souix (USA) | 4.1
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| Indig American (USA) | 3.7
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| Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) | 1.5[3]
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| Tibetan | 1.1
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| Jews (England) | 1.3
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| Tibetan | 1.1
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| Italian | 0.6
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| Japanese | 0.5
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| French | 0.5
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| Choushan (China) | 0.4
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| German | 0.3
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A31-B39(A*310102:Cw*0701:B*3901)
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| Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) | 10.0
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| Lakota Souix (USA) | 1.6
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| Japanese | 0.3
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| German | 0.1
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A31-B48(A*310102:B*4801)
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| Orochon (Russia) | 6.0
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| Maya (Guatemala) | 3.5
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| Buriat | 3.4
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| Japanese | 0.3
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A31-B51(A*310102:B*5101)
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| Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) | 8.9
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| Indig. Brazil | 5.8
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| Orochon (Russia) | 5.3
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| Indig American (USA) | 4.3
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| Tibetan | 3.3
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| Inner Mongolian | 3.0
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| Japanese | 3.0
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| Portuguese | 1.6
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| Korean | 1.2
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| Italian | 0.9
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| French | 0.5
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| German | 0.3
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| Choushan (China) | 0.2
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(A*310102:B*5102)
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| Tarahumura (Mexico) | 5.7
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| Vietnamese | 1.0
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A31-B60(A*310102:Cw*0304:B*4001)
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| Lusaka (Zambia) | 2.3
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| Yakuts (Russia) | 2.0
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| Irish | 0.7
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| Choushan (China) | 0.7
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| Japan | 0.6
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| Dutch | 0.6
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| German | 0.4
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A31-B62 (A*310102:B*1501)
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| Nivkhi (Sakalin, Russia) | 12.5
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| Yakut(Russia) | 5.5
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| Indig. Brazil | 4.1
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| Manchu | 1.1
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| Japan | 0.4
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| German | 0.2
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| Choushan (China) | 0.2
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Examination of A31 haplotypes reveal a probably connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).
References
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