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GlycogenolysisGlycogenolysis is the catabolism of glycogen by removal of a glucose monomer through cleavage with inorganic phosphate to produce glucose-1-phosphate. This derivative of glucose is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate, an intermediate in glycolysis. The hormones glucagon and epinephrine stimulate glycogenolysis. Additional recommended knowledge
FunctionGlycogenolysis transpires in the muscle and liver tissue, where glycogen is stored, as a hormonal response to epinephrine (e.g., adrenergic stimulation) and/or glucagon, a pancreatic peptide triggered by low blood glucose concentrations.
Clinical significanceParenteral (intravenous) administration of glucagon is a common human medical intervention in diabetic emergencies when sugar cannot be given orally. ReactionFirst stepThe overall reaction for the 1st step is: Glycogen (n residues) + Pi <-----> Glycogen (n-1 residues)+ G1P Here, glycogen phosphorylase cleaves the bond at the 1 position by substitution of a phosphoryl group. It breaks down glucose polymer at α-1-4 linkages until 4 linked glucoses are left on the branch. (Furthermore, glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) can be used as a marker enzyme to determine glycogen breakdown. ) Second stepThe 2nd step involves the debranching enzyme that moves the remaining glucose units to another non-reducing end. This results in more glucose units available to glycogen phosphorylase (step 1) Third stepThe 3rd and last stage converts G1P (glucose-1-phosphate) to G6P (glucose-6-phosphate) through the enzyme phosphoglucomutase. RegulationThe key regulatory enzyme of the process of glycogenolysis is Glycogen phosphorylase:
Categories: Metabolic pathways | Hepatology |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Glycogenolysis". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |