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Gestrinone


Gestrinone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
13-ethyl-17alpha-hydroxy-18,19 dinorpregna-4,9,11-trien-20-yn-3-one
Identifiers
CAS number	16320-04-0
ATC code	G03XA02
PubChem	27812
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₁H₂₄O₂
Mol. mass	308.4 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	?
Excretion	Renal, fecal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	X
Legal status
Routes	?

Gestrinone is a synthetic steroid hormone that acts as an anti-progestin and also has some androgenic activity. It is marketed under the names Dimetriose, Dimetrose, and Nemestran, as a treatment for endometriosis. Gestrinone is available in many countries, but not in the USA. As it has anabolic effects, its use in competition has been banned by the International Olympic Committee.^[1]

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Method of action

Its mechanism of action consists of suppression of the release of pituitary gonadotropins. Gestrinone also interacts with the endometrium, inhibiting its growth. The inhibition is the result of gestrinone's interaction with the androgen receptor; this is also the reason for androgenic side effects. Gestrinone has been shown to interact with the estrogen receptor, the androgen receptor, and the progesterone receptor.^[2]

Metabolism

The drug is well absorbed via the oral route, passed through the liver, and has a half-life of about 24 hours. It is metabolized by the liver and excreted by urine and feces.

Contraindications and side effects

The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy, during lactation, and in patients with severe cardiac, renal or hepatic insufficiency. It is also contraindicated in patients who experienced metabolic and/or vascular disorders during previous estrogen or progestogen therapy, or who are allergic to the medication. The drug is contraindicated in children.

Side effects include vaginal spotting, and, in susceptible individuals, signs of increased androgen activity such as acne, oily skin, fluid retention, weight gain, hirsutism, voice change, or hair loss.

Other uses

The drug has also been investigated for use as a prospective contraceptive agent and as a postcoital contraceptive.^[3] It also has been used to shrink uterine fibroids and to reduce menorrhagia^[4]^[5]

Its androgenic properties are more exploited in a "designer steroid", the derivative tetrahydrogestrinone. THG was banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2003.

References

^ Helping athletes compete drug-free (PDF) 34. Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport (May 2000). Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
^ Tamaya, T.; Fujimoto J., Watanabe Y., Arahori K. & Okada H. (1986). "Gestrinone (R2323) binding to steroid receptors in human uterine endometrial cytosol". Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 65 (5): 439-41. PMID 3490730. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
^ Emergency Contraception Update (RTF) 5. International Consortium for Emergency Contraception (October 2006). Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
^ La Marca, A.; Giulini S., Vito G., Orvieto R., Volpe A. & Jasonni V.M. (December 2004). "Gestrinone in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata: effects on uterine blood supply". Fertility and Sterility 82 (6): 1694-6. PMID 15589885. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.
^ Roy, SN.; Bhattacharya S. (2004). "Benefits and risks of pharmacological agents used for the treatment of menorrhagia". Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience 27 (2): 75-90. PMID 14717620. Retrieved on 2006-06-01.

External links

Prescription information

v • d • e Sex hormones and related agents (primarily G03, also L02, H01C) - human endogenous in CAPS
Progestogens: (receptor)	PROGESTERONE, Desogestrel, Drospirenone, Dydrogesterone, Ethisterone, Etonogestrel, Ethynodiol diacetate, Gestodene, Gestonorone, Levonorgestrel, Lynestrenol, Medroxyprogesterone, Megestrol, Norelgestromin, Norethisterone, Norethynodrel, Norgestimate, Norgestrel, Norgestrienone, Tibolone Selective progesterone receptor modulator: Asoprisnil, CDB-4124 Antiprogestogen: Mifepristone
Androgens: (receptor)	TESTOSTERONE, Androstanolone, Fluoxymesterone, Mesterolone, Methyltestosterone, (see also anabolic steroids) Antiandrogens: Bicalutamide, Cyproterone, Flutamide, Nilutamide, Spironolactone
Estrogens: (receptor)	ESTRADIOL, ESTRIOL, ESTRONE, Chlorotrianisene, Dienestrol, Diethylstilbestrol, Ethinylestradiol, Fosfestrol, Mestranol, Polyestradiol phosphate Selective estrogen receptor modulator: Bazedoxifene, Clomifene, Fulvestrant, Lasofoxifene, Raloxifene, Tamoxifen, Toremifene Aromatase inhibitor: Aminogluthetimide, Anastrozole, Exemestane, Formestane, Letrozole, Vorozole
Gonadotropins: (FSHR/LHCGR)	ovulation stim.: Clomifene, Urofollitropin Antigonadotropins: Danazol, Gestrinone
GnRH: (receptor)	agonist: Buserelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, Leuprorelin, Nafarelin, Triptorelin antagonist: Abarelix, Cetrorelix, Ganirelix

Category: Anabolic steroids

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Gestrinone". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.