Franz Ernst Christian Neumann

Franz Ernst Christian Neumann (January 30, 1834 - March 6, 1918) was a German pathologist who was a native of Königsberg. In 1855 he obtained his doctorate from Albertina Universität Königsberg, where one of his instructors was Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894). He performed post-graduate studies in Prague, and in Berlin under Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). From 1866 until 1903 he was in charge of the Pathological Institute at Konigsberg.

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He was the son of physicist Franz Ernst Neumann (1798-1895), and grandson of chemist Karl Gottfried Hagen (1749-1829). He had two noted brothers, mathematician Carl Gottfried Neumann (1832-1925) and economist Friedrich Julius Neumann (1835-1910). Neumann was awarded honorary degrees from the Universities of Tübingen (1898) and Geneva (1914).

Ernst Neumann made many contributions in the field of hematology. He demonstrated that erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis formulate in the bone marrow, and described the law of dissemination concerning yellow and red bone marrow. He provided an early description of acute myeloid leukemia, and in 1871 described congenital epulis (CE) of the newborn. Neumann also published an early work on medical electrodiagnosis.

Associated eponyms:
Neumann's cells: Nucleated cells in the bone marrow in which red blood corpuscles originate.
Neumann's sheath: Dentinal sheath which form the walls of the dentinal tubules.
Rouget-Neumann sheath: Uncalcified bone matrix between an osteocyte and the lacunar or canalicular wall. Named with French physiologist Charles Rouget (1824-1904).