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Escherichia

Escherichia

SEM micrograph of Escherichia coli bacteria.

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Escherichia Castellani & Chalmers 1919

Species

E. adecarboxylata
E. albertii
E. blattae
E. coli
E. fergusonii
E. hermannii
E. vulneris

Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae.^[1] Inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, Escherichia species provide a portion of the microbially-derived vitamin K for their host. Escherichia coli are the most numerous aerobic commensal inhabitants of the large intestine in humans.

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Pathogenesis

While many Escherichia are harmless commensals, particular strains of some species are human pathogens,^[2] and are known as the most common cause of urinary tract infections,^[3] significant sources of gastrointestinal disease, ranging from simple diarrhea to dysentery-like conditions,^[1] as well as a wide-range of other pathogenic states.^[4] While E. coli is responsible for the vast majority of Escherichia-related pathogenesis, other members of the genus have also been implicated in human disease.^[5]^,^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed., Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
^ Guentzel MN (1996). Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, and Proteus. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
^ Ronald A (2003). "The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens". Dis Mon 49 (2): 71-82. PubMed.
^ The Species of Escherichia other than E. coli. The Prokaryotes. Retrieved on 2006-05-05.
^ Pien FD, Shrum S, Swenson JM, Hill BC, Thornsberry C, Farmer JJ 3rd (1985). "Colonization of human wounds by Escherichia vulneris and Escherichia hermannii". J Clin Microbiol 22 (2): 283-5. PubMed.
^ Chaudhury A, Nath G, Tikoo A, Sanyal SC (1999). "Enteropathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of new Escherichia spp". J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 17 (2): 85-7. PubMed.