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Equine sarcoidEquine Sarcoids or Sarcoids are common, usually benign, skin tumours of horses and other equidae which have several different forms. Additional recommended knowledge
AetiologyThe cause is not fully understood but a viral cause is suspected. In particular, bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 have been implicated.[1] Typical appearanceThey typically occur from the tail under the back legs, along the ventral midline to the chest and the head.
These are flat, hairless, lichen-like, slightly crusting, dark patches. They often have a smooth, dark hairless area around them.
These are raised, nobbly, dark areas that often spread into poorly defined margins. They can also be ulcerated on occasions.
These are firm and nodular skin lumps which may have normal skin over them.
These are often ulcerated, weeping, raised sore lesions that may become pedunculated and cauliflower-like.
Sarcoids are commonly a mixture of two or more of the forms described above.
These are rare, invasive sarcoids that invade deeper tissues beneath the skin.[2] Very often warts in the girth area can be mistaken for sarcoids and also match the descriptions above. Another common cause of similar pathology is dermatophytosis (fungal infection on the skin). DiagnosisA positive diagnosis can only be made using histopathology of a biopsy, however in most cases the location and character of the lesions is so suggestive of equine sarcoid that a diagnosis can be made and a biopsy may be contraindicated as it can awaken an otherwise slow growing lesion[3]. TreatmentTreatments may include banding with rubber rings, surgical excision, cryosurgery, injection with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin as an immunomodulator, radioactivity[4] and topical or injected chemotherapy agents. No one treatment is suitable for all sarcoids and it is essential that individual cases are assessed by a veterinarian to ensure that the best treatment is selected. Sarcoids can be difficult to treat and this has encouraged many bogus treatments to be put forward. PrognosisIt is occasionally possible to successfully remove all of a horse's sarcoids but in many cases the treatment results in control rather than resolution of the lesions. References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Equine_sarcoid". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |