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Endothelium
Endothelial tissue is a specialized type of epithelium tissue (one of the four types of biological tissue in animals). More specifically, it is simple squamous epithelium. Endothelium of the interior surfaces of the heart chambers are called endocardium. Both blood and lymphatic capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells.
Additional recommended knowledge
FunctionEndothelial cells are involved in many aspects of vascular biology, including:
Endothelial cells also control the passage of materials — and the transit of white blood cells — into and out of the bloodstream. In some organs, there are highly differentiated endothelial cells to perform specialized 'filtering' functions. Examples of such unique endothelial structures include the renal glomerulus and the blood-brain barrier.
PathologyEndothelial dysfunction, or the loss of proper endothelial function, is a hallmark for vascular diseases, and often leads to atherosclerosis. This is very common in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension or other chronic pathophysiological conditions. One of the main mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is the diminishing of nitric oxide, often due to high levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, which interfer with the normal L-arginine-stimulated nitric oxide synthesis. See also
References
Categories: Cardiovascular system | Tissues |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Endothelium". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |