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Emetine
Emetine is a drug used as both an anti-protozoal and to induce vomiting. It is produced from the ipecac root. Additional recommended knowledge
Early emetine-based preparationsEarly use of emetine was in the form of oral administration of the extract of ipecac root, or ipecacuhana. This extract was originally thought to contain only one alkaloid, emetine, but was found to contain several, including cephaeline, emetine, psychotrine and others. Although this therapy was reportedly successful, the extract caused vomiting in many patients which reduced its utility. In some cases, it was given with opioids to reduce nausea. Other suggestions to reduce nausea involved coating the drug to allow it to be released after digestion in the stomach. [1] Use of emetine as anti-amoebicThe identification of emetine as a more potent agent improved the treatment of amoebiasis. While use of emetine still caused nausea, it was more effective than the crude extract of ipecac root. Additionally, emetine could be administered hypodermically which still produced nausea, but not to the degree experienced in oral administration. Although it is a potent anti-protozoal, the drug also can interfere with muscle contractions, leading to cardiac failure in some cases. Because of this, in some uses it is required to be administered in a hospital environment so that adverse events can be addressed. Development of dehydroemetineDehydroemetine is a synthetically produced drug similar to emetine in its anti-amoebic properties, but it produces fewer side effects. In the United States, it is manufactured by Roche and distributed by the Center for Disease Control on a compassionate use basis as an investigational drug for the treatment of metronidazole-resistant amoebiasis. [2] Some examples of the use of dehydroemetine in the treatment of amoebic infections include:
Dehydroemetine therapy in other diseasesA 1980 report described the use of dehydroemetine in treatment of herpes zoster, a condition which can produce painful neurological symptoms. The study involved 40 patients, all of whom were over 60, and compared dehydroemetine treatment to another drug. The study reported patients treated with dehydroemetine experienced relief of neuralgia with no changes in cardiovascular functions. [6] Dehydroemetine has been investigated as a treatment for Leishmania infection. [7] References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Emetine". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |