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Dipeptide



A dipeptide is a molecule consisting of two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.

Dipeptides are produced from polypeptides by the action of the hydrolase enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase. Dietary proteins are digested to dipeptides and amino acids, and the dipeptides are absorbed more rapidly than the amino acids, because their uptake involves a separate mechanism. Dipeptides activate G-cells found in the stomach to secrete gastrin.

The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis for the preparation of dipeptides. [1] [2]


Examples of dipeptides

  • Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues.
  • Anserine (beta-alanyl-N-methyl histidine) is found in the skeletal muscle and brain of mammals.
  • Homoanserine (N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-histidine) is another dipeptide identified in the brain and muscles of mammals.
  • Kyotorphin (L-tyrosyl-L-arginine) is a neuroactive dipeptide which plays a role in pain regulation in the brain.
  • Balenine (or ophidine) (beta-alanyl-N tau-methyl histidine) has been identified in the muscles of several species of mammal (including man), and the chicken.
  • Aspartame (N-L-a-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is an artificial sweetener.
  • Glorin (N- propionyl-γ-L-glutamyl-L-ornithine-δ-lac ethyl ester) is a chemotactic dipeptide for the slime-mould Polysphondylium violaceum.
  • Barettin (cyclo-[(6-bromo-8-en-tryptophan)-arginine]) is a cyclic dipeptide from the marine sponge Geodia barretti.
  • Pseudoproline

See also

References

  1. ^ M. Bergmann et al., Ann. 449, 277 (1926).
  2. ^ drugfuture.com Link


General: Genetic code | Protein | Dipeptide | Tripeptide | Tetrapeptide
Oxytocin | Vasopressin
Calcitonin | Amylin
HPP | NPY | PYY
Glucagon | Secretin | VIP
Substance P | Kassinin | Eledoisin
Bradykinin | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
MSHs: Proopiomelanocortin | Melanotan
Others: Endorphin | Lipotropin | Glutathione | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Carnosine | Anserine | Kyotorphin
Tentoxin | Tuftsin | Corticotropin-releasing hormone
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dipeptide". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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