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Dacarbazine



Dacarbazine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-(3,3-Dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide
Identifiers
CAS number 4342-03-4
ATC code L01AX04
PubChem 2942
DrugBank APRD00331
Chemical data
Formula C6H10N6O 
Mol. mass 182.18
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability  ?
Metabolism  ?
Half life 5 hours
Excretion 40% renal (unchanged)
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

C

Legal status

℞ Prescription only

Routes IV

Dacarbazine (da-KAR-ba-zeen) (brand names DTIC, DTIC-Dome; also known as DIC or Imidazole Carboxamide) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various cancers, among them malignant melanoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. Antineoplastic drugs are drugs which interfere with cell growth and impede the formation of new tissue - in this case, tumor tissue. These drugs are also known as cytotoxic drugs. Dacarbazine belongs to the family of chemicals known as alkylating agents. Dacarbazine is normally administered by injection (a shot) or intravenous infusion (IV) under the immediate supervision of a doctor or nurse.

Contents

History

See also: History of cancer chemotherapy

Dacarbazine gained FDA approval in May 1975 as DTIC-Dome. The drug was initially marketed by Bayer.

Side effects

Like many chemotherapy drugs, dacarbazine may have numerous serious side effects, because it interferes with normal cell growth as well as cancer cell growth. Among the most serious possible side effects are birth defects to children conceived or carried during treatment; sterility, possibly permanent; or immune suppression (reduced ability to fight infection or disease). Like most powerful drugs, it may produce more common side effects like nausea, fatigue, headache, etc.

Common uses

As of mid-2006, dacarbazine is commonly used as a single agent in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and as part of the ABVD chemotherapy regimen to treat Hodgkin lymphoma.

Experimental

Dacarbazine + Oblimersen. In clinical trials for malignant melanoma.

Suppliers

Bayer continues to supply DTIC-Dome. There are also generic versions of dacarbazine available from APP, Bedford, Mayne Pharma and Sicor (Teva).

See also

Sources

  • MedLine, U.S. National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medline/
  • Cancerweb, http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cancerweb/
  • OncoLink, http://oncolink.upenn.edu/
v • d • e
Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents (L01)
Alkylating and alkylating-like agentsNitrogen mustards: (Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan). Nitrosoureas:(Carmustine, Fotemustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin). Platinum (alkylating-like): (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, BBR3464). Busulfan, Dacarbazine, Procarbazine, Temozolomide, ThioTEPA, Uramustine
AntimetabolitesFolic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine). Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine)
Spindle poison/mitotic inhibitorTaxane: (Docetaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine).
Cytotoxic/antitumor antibioticsAnthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Valrubicin) - streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Plicamycin) - Hydroxyurea
Topoisomerase inhibitorsCamptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan), Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide)
CI monoclonal antibodiesReceptor tyrosine kinase (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab) - CD20 (Rituximab, Tositumomab) - other (Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Gemtuzumab)
PhotosensitizersAminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin
Tyrosine kinase inhibitorsDasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Nilotinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib
Otherretinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin) - Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase (Pegaspargase), Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Denileukin diftitox, Estramustine, Ixabepilone, Masoprocol, Mitotane
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dacarbazine". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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