Cyclosporiasis

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a pathogenic protozoan transmitted by feces or feces-contaminated fresh produce and water. Outbreaks have been reported in imported raspberries. Fortunately it is not spread from person to person. It is commonly the cause of diarrhea for many travelers.

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Mode of infection

When an oocyst of C. cayetanensis enters the small intestine and invades the mucosa it incubates for about one week. After incubation the person begins to experience severe watery diarrhea, bloating, fever, stomach cramps, and muscle aches. Oocyst can be present due to using contaminated water or human feces as fertilizer. They primarily effect humans and other primates.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis can be difficult due to the lack of recognizable oocysts in the feces. Using tests like PCR-based DNA tests and acid-fast staining can help with idenfication. The infection is often treated with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, because traditional anti-protozoan drugs are not sufficient. To prevent the transmission through food, cook or freeze food and try to avoid drinking stream water while outdoors.

References

• Talaro, Kathleen P. "Foundations in Microbiology Fifth Edition." New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 2005.