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Chain of survivalThe chain of survival refers to a series of actions that, when put into motion, reduce the mortality associated with cardiac arrest.[1][2] Like any chain, the chain of survival is only as strong as its weakest link.[1][2] The four interdependent links in the chain of survival are early access, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced care.[1] Additional recommended knowledge
BackgroundThe phrase "chain of survival" was first used as a slogan for the 1988 Conference on Citizen CPR.[3][4] It then appeared in JEMS editorial in August 1989, and the first issue of Currents in Emergency Cardiac Care in 1990.[3] The concept was elaborated in the American Heart Association's 1992 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care,[5][6] and then echoed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) in 1997.[1] Early accessSomeone must witness the cardiac arrest and activate the EMS system[1] with an immediate call to 9-1-1[7] (or your local emergency number). Early CPRIn order to be most effective, bystander CPR should be provided immediately after collapse of the patient.[1][8] Properly performed CPR can keep the heart in VF for 10-12 minutes longer.[2] Early defibrillationMost adults who can be saved from cardiac arrest are in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.[9] Early defibrillation is the link in the chain most likely to improve survival.[1] Public access defibillation may be the key to improving survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,[1] but is of the greatest value when the other links in the chain do not fail.[2] Early advanced careEarly advanced cardiac life support by paramedics is another critical link in the chain of survival.[1] In communities with survival rates > 20%, a minimum of two of the rescuers are trained to the advanced level.[1] In some countries, EMS delivery may be performed by ambulancemen, nurses, or doctors.[2] See also
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Chain_of_survival". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |