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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasiaCervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or CIN, is the abnormal growth of precancerous cells in the cervix. Most cases of CIN remain stable, or are eliminated by the host's immune system without intervention. However a small percentage of cases progress to become cervical cancer, usually cervical squamous cell carcinoma, or SCC.[1] The major cause of CIN is infection with the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), usually the high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. Additional recommended knowledgeThe earliest microscopic change corresponding to CIN is dysplasia of the epithelial or surface lining of the cervix, which is essentially undetectable by the woman. Cellular changes associated with HPV infection, such as koilocytes, are also commonly seen in CIN. It is usually discovered by a screening test, the Papanicolaou or "pap" smear. The purpose of this test is to diagnose the disease early, while it has not yet progressed to invasive carcinoma, and thus is easy to cure. Though epithelial dysplasia may regress spontaneously, persistent lesions must be removed, either with surgery, chemical burning, heat burning, burning with laser, or freezing (cryotherapy). GradesCIN has three distinct grades:
ProgressionCases of CIN are thought by some to progress through these stages toward cancer in a linear fashion.[1][3][4] However, evidence suggests that cancer can occur without first detectably progressing through these stages and that a high grade intraepithelial neoplasia can occur without first existing as a lower grade.[1][5] See also
References
Categories: Types of cancer | Gynecology |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cervical_intraepithelial_neoplasia". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |