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Calyx of heldThe Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, named by H. Held in his 1893 article Die centrale Gehörleitung, due to its flower-petal like shape[1][2]. Globular bushy cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus (VCN) send axons to the contralateral Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (MNTB), where they synapse via these calyces on MNTB principle cells[3][4]. These principle cells then project inhibitory contacts to the ipsilateral Lateral Superior Olive (LSO) [5], where they help form the basis for interaural level detection (ILD), required for high frequency sound localization[6]. This synapse has been described as the largest in the brain[7], which hints at its importance. This structure is specially designed for fast, efficient transportation of information from one cell to the next. Additional recommended knowledgeThe related end bulb of held is a smaller synapse found in other auditory brainstem structures. As with the calyx, these synapses promote fast, efficient information transfer. References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Calyx_of_held". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |