A Calcium channel is an ion channel which displays selective permeabiltiy to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.
Additional recommended knowledge
Comparison tables
The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.
Voltage-gated
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Type | Gated by | Protein | Gene | Location | Function
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L-type | high voltage | Cav1.1 Cav1.2 Cav1.3 Cav1.4 | CACNA1S CACNA1C CACNA1D CACNA1F | Skeletal muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes**, dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurones | SMC and cardiac muscle contraction [1]. Responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle.
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P-type/Q-type | high voltage | Cav2.1 | CACNA1A | Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells | neurotransmitter release [1]
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N-type | high voltage | Cav2.2 | CACNA1B | Throughout the brain | neurotransmitter release [1]
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R-type | intermediate voltage | Cav2.3 | CACNA1E | Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons | ?[1]
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T-type | low voltage | Cav3.1 Cav3.2 Cav3.3 | CACNA1G CACNA1H CACNA1I | neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes) | Regular sinus rhythm[1]
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Ligand-gated
- the receptor-operated calcium channels (in vasoconstriction)
Pharmacology
Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 53
- ^ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 479
Membrane transport protein: ion channels |
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Ca2+: Calcium channel | Voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-type/Cavα(1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4), N-type, P-type/Cavα(2.1), Q-type, R-type, T-type, β-subunits (β1, β2, β4), γ-subunits (γ2) • Inositol triphosphate receptor • Ryanodine receptor • Cation channels of sperm • Two-pore channel |
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Na+: Sodium channel | Navα (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9) • Navβ (1, 3, 4) • Epithelial sodium channel |
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K+: Potassium channel | Voltage-gated (Kvα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 11.1/hERG) • Kvβ (1, 2), Shaker gene, KCNE1) • Calcium-activated (BK channel, SK channel, SK3) • Inward-rectifier Kir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2)) • Tandem pore domain K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9) |
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Cl-: Chloride channel | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator |
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Porin | Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4) • Voltage-dependent anion channel (1) |
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Cations: TRP | TRPA (1) • TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) • TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • TRPML (Mucolipin-1) • TRPP (1, 2)• TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) |
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Other/general | Voltage-gated ion channel • Ligand-gated ion channel • Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (α1, α3, β3, H1, H2, H4) • Stretch-activated ion channel |
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