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Calcium channel



A Calcium channel is an ion channel which displays selective permeabiltiy to calcium ions. It is sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channel, although there are also ligand-gated calcium channels.

Contents

Comparison tables

The following tables explain gating, gene, location and function of different types of calcium channels, both voltage and ligand-gated.

Voltage-gated

Main article: voltage-dependent calcium channel
Type Gated by Protein Gene Location Function
L-type high voltage Cav1.1
Cav1.2
Cav1.3
Cav1.4
 CACNA1S
CACNA1C
CACNA1D
CACNA1F 		Skeletal muscle, bone (osteoblasts), ventricular myocytes**, dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurones SMC and cardiac muscle contraction [1]. Responsible for prolonged action potential in cardiac muscle.
P-type/Q-type high voltage Cav2.1 CACNA1A Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells neurotransmitter release [1]
N-type high voltage Cav2.2 CACNA1B Throughout the brain neurotransmitter release [1]
R-type intermediate voltage Cav2.3 CACNA1E Cerebellar granule cells, other neurons  ?[1]
T-type low voltage Cav3.1
Cav3.2
Cav3.3
 CACNA1G
CACNA1H
CACNA1I 		neurons, cells that have pacemaker activity, bone (osteocytes) Regular sinus rhythm[1]

Ligand-gated

  • the receptor-operated calcium channels (in vasoconstriction)
Type Gated by Gene Location Function
IP3 receptor IP3 ER/SR Releases calcium from ER/SR in response to IP3 by e.g. GPCRs [1]
Ryanodine receptor dihydropyridine receptors in T-tubules ER/SR Calcium-induced calcium release in myocytes [1]
Two-pore channel
Cation channels of sperm
store-operated channels indirectly by ER/SR depletion of calcium[1] plasma membrane

Pharmacology

Calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4.  Page 53
  2. ^ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.  Page 479
v • d • e
Membrane transport protein: ion channels
Ca2+: Calcium channelVoltage-dependent calcium channel (L-type/Cavα(1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4), N-type, P-type/Cavα(2.1), Q-type, R-type, T-type, β-subunits (β1, β2, β4), γ-subunits (γ2) • Inositol triphosphate receptor • Ryanodine receptor • Cation channels of sperm • Two-pore channel
Na+: Sodium channelNavα (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9) • Navβ (1, 3, 4) • Epithelial sodium channel
K+: Potassium channelVoltage-gated (Kvα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 11.1/hERG) • Kvβ (1, 2), Shaker gene, KCNE1) • Calcium-activated (BK channel, SK channel, SK3) • Inward-rectifier Kir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2)) • Tandem pore domain K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9)
Cl-: Chloride channelCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
PorinAquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4) • Voltage-dependent anion channel (1)
Cations: TRPTRPA (1) • TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) • TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • TRPML (Mucolipin-1) • TRPP (1, 2)• TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Other/generalVoltage-gated ion channel • Ligand-gated ion channel • Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (α1, α3, β3, H1, H2, H4) • Stretch-activated ion channel
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Calcium_channel". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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