Calcium-binding protein

Calcium-binding proteins are proteins that participate in calcium cell signalling pathways by binding to Ca²⁺.

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The most ubiquitous Ca²⁺-sensing protein, found in all eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, is calmodulin.

Intracellular storage and release of Ca²⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is associated with the high-capacity, low-affinity calcium-binding protein, calsequestrin.^[1]

With their role in signal transduction, calcium-binding proteins contribute to all aspects of the cell's functioning, from homeostasis to learning and memory.

For example, the neuron-specific calexcitin has been found to have an excitatory effect on neurons, and interacts with proteins that control the firing state of neurons, such as the the voltage-dependent potassium channel.^[2]

References

^ Siegel, George (Ed.). Basic neurochemistry : molecular, cellular and medical aspects. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins / 1999 ISBN 0-397-51820-X
^ Nelson T, Cavallaro S, Yi C, McPhie D, Schreurs B, Gusev P, Favit A, Zohar O, Kim J, Beushausen S, Ascoli G, Olds J, Neve R, Alkon D (1996). "Calexcitin: a signaling protein that binds calcium and GTP, inhibits potassium channels, and enhances membrane excitability". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 (24): 13808-13. PMID 8943017.

v • d • e Proteins: carrier proteins
Hormone	Follistatin - Growth hormone binding protein - Insulin-like growth factor binding protein - Neurophysins (Neurophysin I, II) Sex hormone binding globulin/Androgen binding protein - Transcortin - Thyroxine-binding globulin - Transthyretin
Metal/element	calcium (Calcium-binding protein, Calmodulin-binding proteins) - copper (Ceruloplasmin) - iron (Iron-binding proteins, Transferrin receptor)
Vitamin	Retinol binding protein (4) - Transcobalamins
Other	Acyl carrier protein - Adaptor protein - Cholesterylester transfer protein - F-box protein - GTP-binding protein - Latent TGF-beta binding protein - Light-harvesting complex - Membrane transport protein

v • d • e Carrier protein: calcium-binding proteins
Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins	Calmodulin - Calnexin - Calreticulin - Gelsolin - neuronal (Hippocalcin, Neurocalcin, Recoverin)
Other	Annexin (A1, A2, A5) - Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein/Calbindin - Calexcitin - Calsequestrin - Osteocalcin - Matrix gla protein - Osteonectin - S-100 - Synaptotagmin - Troponin C