CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)
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PDB rendering based on 1poz.
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Available structures: 1poz, 1uuh, 2i83
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Identifiers
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Symbol(s)
| CD44; CDW44; CSPG8; ECMR-III; HCELL; IN; LHR; MC56; MDU2; MDU3; MGC10468; MIC4; MUTCH-I; Pgp1
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External IDs
| OMIM: 107269 MGI: 88338 Homologene: 508
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Gene Ontology
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Molecular Function:
| • molecular_function • receptor activity • collagen binding • hyaluronic acid binding
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Cellular Component:
| • cellular_component • integral to plasma membrane • external side of plasma membrane • membrane
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Biological Process:
| • ureteric bud branching • cell adhesion • cell-matrix adhesion • cell-cell adhesion
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RNA expression pattern
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Additional recommended knowledge
More reference expression data
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Orthologs
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| Human
| Mouse
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Entrez
| 960
| 12505
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Ensembl
| ENSG00000026508
| ENSMUSG00000005087
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Uniprot
| P16070
| P15379
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Refseq
| NM_000610 (mRNA) NP_000601 (protein)
| NM_001039150 (mRNA) NP_001034239 (protein)
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Location
| Chr 11: 35.12 - 35.21 Mb
| Chr 2: 102.61 - 102.7 Mb
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Pubmed search
| [1]
| [2]
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The CD44 protein is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
This protein participates in a wide variety of cellular functions including lymphocyte activation, recirculation and homing, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. Transcripts for this gene undergo complex alternative splicing that results in many functionally distinct isoforms, however, the full length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing is the basis for the structural and functional diversity of this protein, and may be related to tumor metastasis.
Gene transcription is at least in part activated by beta catenin and Wnt signalling (also linked to tumour development).
The protein is a determinant for the Indian blood group system.
- CD44 expression is an indicative marker for effector-memory T-cells. It is tracked with CFSE chemical tagging.
CD44 found on breast and prostate cancer stem cells.[1]
References
- ^ Li et al : "Byond tumorigenesis : cancer stem cells in metastasis" Cell Research (2007) 17:3-14 doi:10.1038/sj.cr.7310118
Further reading
- Günthert U (1994). "CD44: a multitude of isoforms with diverse functions.". Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 184: 47-63. PMID 7508842.
- Yasuda M, Nakano K, Yasumoto K, Tanaka Y (2003). "CD44: functional relevance to inflammation and malignancy.". Histol. Histopathol. 17 (3): 945-50. PMID 12168806.
- Sun CX, Robb VA, Gutmann DH (2003). "Protein 4.1 tumor suppressors: getting a FERM grip on growth regulation.". J. Cell. Sci. 115 (Pt 21): 3991-4000. PMID 12356905.
- Assimakopoulos D, Kolettas E, Patrikakos G, Evangelou A (2003). "The role of CD44 in the development and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.". Histol. Histopathol. 17 (4): 1269-81. PMID 12371152.
- Ponta H, Sherman L, Herrlich PA (2003). "CD44: from adhesion molecules to signalling regulators.". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (1): 33-45. doi:10.1038/nrm1004. PMID 12511867.
- Martin TA, Harrison G, Mansel RE, Jiang WG (2004). "The role of the CD44/ezrin complex in cancer metastasis.". Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 46 (2): 165-86. PMID 12711360.
Transmembrane receptors: immune receptors |
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Cytokine receptor | Type I: interleukin (IL-2, IL-3) - CSF (Erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF) - Glycoprotein 130/Oncostatin M - Leukemia inhibitory factor - common subunits (Common gamma chain, CSF2RB)
Type II: interleukin (IL22RA2) - interferon (IFNAR, IFNGR)
Other: Chemokine - TGF-beta - Tumor necrosis factor |
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Pattern recognition/Toll-like | TLR 1 - TLR 2 - TLR 3 - TLR 4 - TLR 5 - TLR 6 - TLR 7 - TLR 8 - TLR 9 - TLR 10 |
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Fc receptor | ε (FcεRI, FcεRII) - γ (FcγRI, FcγRII, FcγRIII) - α/μ (FcαRI, Fcα/μR) - Neonatal |
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Lymphocyte homing receptor | CD44 - L-selectin - VLA-4 - LFA-1 |
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other | Antigen receptor (B-cell, T cell) - Complement - Formyl peptide - Immunophilins - Integrin - Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like - Scavenger |
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